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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (09): 1942-1948.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

豫南雨养区周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质动态和产量的影响

李向东**,季书勤,张德奇,郭瑞,王汉芳,吕凤荣   

  1. 河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心, 河南省小麦生物学重点实验室, 郑州 450002
  • 出版日期:2011-09-08 发布日期:2011-09-08

Effects of different corn/wheat year-round tillage modes on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer and grain yield of wheat in rain-fed farming area of Southern Henan Province.

LI Xiang-dong**, JI Shu-qin, ZHANG De-qi, GUO Rui, WANG Han-fang, LÜ Feng-rong   

  1. Wheat Research Center of Henan Academy of  Agricultural Sciences & Henan Key Laboratory  of Wheat Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • Online:2011-09-08 Published:2011-09-08

摘要: 以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006—2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9%、11.7%,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6%、11.4%,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4%、7.9%和8.8%、8.3%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0 kg·hm-2和7480.5 kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式分别增产14.8%和13.8%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄水保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效。

关键词: 间套种植, 根系, 施肥, 小麦/大豆, 玉米/甘蓝

Abstract: A 4-year (2006-2009) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different corn-wheat year-round tillage modes on the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer, grain-filling, and grain yield of winter wheat in a rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province. Six modes including traditional tillage (T1), non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat (T2), straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + non-straw-mulching and non-tillage for wheat (T3), non-straw mulching and pre-sowing deep plough for corn + non-straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat (T4), straw mulching and pre-sowing deep plough for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat (T5), and non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + burying smashed straw in soil and rotor tillage (T6) were examined. Among the test modes, T1 and T5 showed the best effects, under which, the leaf staying-green period of winter wheat was the longest, and the dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that under other modes. Also, the transfer amount of the pre-anthesis assimilates in vegetative organs under T1 and T5 was higher, and the transfer amount and rate of post-anthesis assimilates in the vegetative organs were 11.9% and 11.7%, and 11.6% and 11.4% higher than those under T3 and T6, respectively (P<0.01). Under T1 and T5, the contribution of the post-anthesis assimilates to the grain yield of winter wheat was 8.4% and 7.9%, and 8.8% and 8.3% higher than that under T3 and T6 (P<0.05), and the grain yield was 7545.0 and 7480.5 kg·hm-2, being 14.8% and 13.8% higher than that under T6, respectively (P<0.01). Overall, mode T5 had the best effect in promoting the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat vegetative organs and the transfer of post-anthesis assimilates to the grain, and also, played important roles in soil water conservation and fertility improvement, being considered as the high-efficient and high-yielding tillage mode for wheat production in the rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province.

Key words: Intercropping, Root system, Wheat-soybean intercropping, Corn cabbage intercropping