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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (01): 24-29.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古典型草原家畜粪中的粪金龟子群落特征

刘新民**   

  1. 内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特 010022
  • 出版日期:2011-01-08 发布日期:2011-01-08

Assemblage characteristics of dung beetles in livestock dung in |Inner Mongolian typical steppe.

LIU Xin-min   

  1. College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhhot 010022, China
  • Online:2011-01-08 Published:2011-01-08

摘要: 2008年6月—2009年9月,在内蒙古典型草原放牧区,分析了马、牛和羊鲜粪中粪金龟子的物种多样性、群落结构、功能群和取食偏好。共捕获粪金龟子7805头,隶属于3科4属32种,优势种为符号蜉金龟(Aphodius comma)、游荡蜉金龟(Aphodius erraticus)和泥蜉金龟(Aphodius sordecens),分别占总捕获量的42.62%、13.26%和11.64%。在3种家畜粪中分布有滚粪球型、掘洞型和粪居型3个粪金龟子功能群,其中粪居型粪金龟子的种数和个体数均最高;粪金龟子群落的物种丰富度在马粪中最高,Shannon指数在牛粪中最高,均匀度则在羊粪中最高。内蒙古典型草原分布的粪金龟子在3种家畜粪之间具有明显的取食选择性和活动偏好,大多数粪金龟子偏好在马粪和牛粪中取食和活动;鲜马粪块体积较大、含水量适中、有较多未消化纤维和易干燥等特征,为粪居型蜉金龟提供了适宜的、短时的取食场所;牛粪有含水量高、失水慢、不易破碎等特征,则成为大多数掘洞型粪金龟子较长时的栖息小生境。显然,粪金龟子的取食和活动偏好与家畜粪的特征和可利用性有密切关系,同时,也与粪金龟子的生物学和生态学特征有关。

关键词: 浮游动物, 生态特征, 春季, 东海, 赤潮

Abstract: From June 2008 to September 2009, an investigation was made on the species diversity, population structure, functional group, and feeding preference of dung beetles in the fresh dung of horse, cattle, and sheep in  Inner Mongolian typical steppe. A total of 7805 dung beetles were captured, belonging to 3 families, 4 genera, and 32 species. Aphodius comma, A. erraticus, and A. sordecens were the dominant species, with their individual number occupied 42.62%, 13.26%, and 11.64% of the total, respectively. In the fresh livestock dung, there were 3 kinds of functional groups, i.e., telocoprid, paracoprid, and endocoprid, among which, endocoprid had the highest numbers of species and individuals. The richness index of the dung beetle assemblage was the highest in horse dung, Shannon index was the highest in cattle dung, and evenness index was the highest in sheep dung. The dung beetles had obvious feeding preference to the 3 kinds of livestock dung, and most of them preferred fresh horse- and cattle dung.  Horse dung pats had bigger volume, moderate water content, more undigested plant fiber, and easy dryness, being able to supply moderate and temporary habitat for the feeding activity of endocoprids; while cattle dung pats had higher water content, slower water-losing, and easy breaking-up, being the longer term micro-habitat for most paracoprids. Obviously, the habit preference of the dung beetles was mainly related to the characteristics and availability of livestock dung, and also, related to the biological and ecological features of the dung beetles.

Key words: Zooplankton, Ecological characteristics, Spring, East China Sea, Red tide