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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (01): 30-39.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

桃园生草对桃树上主要害虫及天敌生态位的影响

万年峰1,季香云1,蒋杰贤1**,淡家贵2   

  1. 1上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海市低碳农业技术工程研究中心,上海 201106;2云南省出入境检验检疫局,昆明 650228
  • 出版日期:2011-01-08 发布日期:2011-01-08

Effects of ground cover on the niches of main insect pests and their natural enemies in peach orchard.

WAN Nian-feng1, JI Xiang-yun1, JIANG Jie-xian1**, DAN Jia-gui2   

  1. 1Shanghai Low-carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China|2Yunnan Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine, Kunming 650228, China
  • Online:2011-01-08 Published:2011-01-08

摘要: 调查了种植白三叶草桃园(生草区)与不种草桃园(对照区)桃树上主要害虫及天敌数量,并对其生态位进行了测定。结果表明:生草区桃树害虫的水平生态位、垂直生态位和时间生态位宽度最大的分别是桃红颈天牛(0.999)、茶翅蝽(0.964)和茶翅蝽(0.795),而对照区其值分别是0.918、0.792和0.632;生草区桃树天敌的水平生态位、垂直生态位和时间生态位宽度最大的都是蜘蛛,分别为0.996、0.983和0.932,而在对照区其值分别是0.900、0.800和0.818;生草区桃树害虫的三维生态位宽度依次为茶翅蝽>叶蝉>蜡蝉>桃蚜>桃潜叶蛾>桃蛀螟>桃红颈天牛>梨小食心虫>桑白蚧,而对照区为桃蚜>叶蝉>茶翅蝽>桃红颈天牛>梨小食心虫>蜡蝉>桑白蚧>桃潜叶蛾>桃蛀螟;生草区桃树天敌的三维生态位宽度为蜘蛛>小花蝽>草蛉>寄生蜂>瓢虫>食蚜蝇,而对照区为蜘蛛>草蛉>瓢虫>寄生蜂>小花蝽>食蚜蝇;对照区小花蝽、瓢虫、食蚜蝇、寄生蜂均有推迟活动迹象;生草区小花蝽与害虫的三维生态位重叠值都比相应的对照区大,天敌与害虫在时间上的同步性和空间上的同域性总体优于对照区。

关键词: 营养盐分布, 长江口, 控制过程

Abstract: Taking the peach orchards with and without ground cover Trifolium repens as test objects, an investigation was made on the quantities of main insect pests and their natural enemies on peach trees, with the niches of the insect pests and natural enemies measured. Among the main insect pests, Aromia bungii-in the peach orchard with ground cover T. repens had the widest horizontal niche breadth (0.999), Halyomorpha halys had the widest vertical niche breadth (0.964) and widest time niche breadth (0.795), while the corresponding values in the orchard without T. repens were 0.918, 0.792, and 0.632, respectively. Among the natural enemies, spiders in the peach orchard with ground cover T. repens had the widest horizontal niche (0.996), widest vertical niche (0.983), and widest time niche (0.932), while the corresponding values in the peach orchard without T. repens were 0.900, 0.800, and 0.818, respectively. The three-dimensional niche of the main insect pests in peach orchard with ground cover T. repens was Halyomorpha halys> Cicadellidae > Fulgoridae > Aphididae > Lyonetia clerkella > Dichocrocis punctiferalis > Aromia bungii > Grapholitha molesta > Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, while that in the peach orchard without T. repens was Aphididae > Cicadellidae > Halyomorpha halys > Aromia bungii > Grapholitha molesta > Fulgoridae > Pseudaulacaspis pentagona > Lyonetia clerkella > Dichocrocis punctiferalis. The three-dimensional niche of the main natural enemies in peach orchard with ground cover T. repens was spider > Orius spp. > Chrysopa > parasitic wasp > Coccinellidae > Syrphidae, while that in the peach orchard without T. repens was spider > Chrysopa > Coccinellidae > Parasitic wasp > Orius spp. > Syrphidae. The Orius spp., Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, and parasitic wasp in the peach orchard without T. repensall showed an evidence of delayed activity. The three-dimensional niches of natural enemy Orius spp. and main insect-pests overlapped greater in the orchard with T. repens than in that without T.repens, and the temporal synchrony and spatial similarity of natural enemies and insect-pests were overall superior in the orchard with T. repens. Our results showed the positive effect of planting clover as ground cover on the biological control of insect pests in peach orchard.

Key words: Nutrient distribution, Changjiang River estuary, Controlling mechanism