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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (02): 255-261.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同形态氮素配比对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗生理的影响

王 磊1隆小华1孟宪法1刘兆普1**罗以筛2   

  1. 1南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏省海洋生物学重点实验室,南京 210095;2江苏省沿海地区农业科学研究所新洋试验站,江苏盐城 224331
  • 出版日期:2011-02-08 发布日期:2011-02-08

Effects of different ratios of mineral nitrogen form on Helianthus tuberosus seedlings physiology under salt stress.

WANG Lei1, LONG Xiao-hua1, MENG Xian-fa1, LIU Zhao-pu1**, LUO Yi-shai2    

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Biology of Jiangsu Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2Xinyang Station of Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Coastal District, Yancheng 224331, Jiangsu, China
  • Online:2011-02-08 Published:2011-02-08

摘要: 采用砂培方法研究了不同铵硝配比(NH4+/NO3-分别为4/1、1/1、1/4)的氮素营养和盐分胁迫耦合作用下菊芋幼苗的光合作用和离子吸收运输。结果表明:低浓度的盐胁迫对植物生长的抑制作用不大,而高浓度的盐胁迫却能明显抑制菊芋幼苗生物量的积累,在同一盐浓度下,提高硝态氮比例能够缓解盐胁迫对菊芋幼苗生长的抑制,促进菊芋幼苗鲜重和干重的增加;随着盐浓度的增加,菊芋幼苗地上部和地下部的Na+含量显著增加,而K+、Ca2+含量较对照显著降低,提高硝态氮比例有利于菊芋幼苗对K+和Ca2+的吸收和向上运输,从而维持地上部较高的K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+;在3种铵硝比的氮素营养处理下,随着盐浓度的增加,菊芋幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率较对照均呈显著下降的趋势,细胞间隙CO2浓度则显著增加,提高硝态氮比例可显著提高盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率,同时也能显著降低胞间CO2浓度,其中以铵硝比为1/4的氮素营养供应对盐胁迫的缓解作用相对较好,在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下其叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率分别是铵硝比为4/1的氮素营养处理值的1.63、1.57、1.39、1.37、1.2倍,而胞间CO2浓度则减少了17%。因此相对于铵态氮来说,硝态氮比例的增加有利于维持盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗体内矿质营养元素含量平衡,促进盐胁迫下菊芋光合功能的改善,增强菊芋对盐胁迫的抗性。

关键词: 苹果品质, 气象因子, 多元统计分析, 线性规划, 气候区划

Abstract: A sand cultural experiment was conducted to study the photosynthetic characteristics and ion absorption of Helianthus tuberosus seedlings under the coupling effects of nitrogen nutrition (NH4+--N/NO3--N ratio 4/1, 1/1, and 1/4) and salt stress. Low concentration salt stress had less effect in inhibiting H. tuberosus growth, while high concentration salt stress inhibited the growth remarkably. Under the same salt concentrations, increasing proportion of NO3--N could mitigate the inhibition effect of salt stress, and increase the fresh and dry weights of H. tuberosus. With the increase of salt concentration, the Na+ concentration in seedling’s shoots and roots increased significantly, while the K+ and Ca2+ concentrations decreased. Increasing the proportion of NO3--N promoted the selective absorption of K+ and Ca2+ and their translocation from roots to shoots, making shoots keep high ratios of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+. Under the three ratios of NH4+--N/NO3---N and with increasing salt concentration, the leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency all decreased significantly, while the intercellular CO2 concentration had a significant increase. With the increase of the proportion of NO3---N and under the same salt concentrations, the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency increased significantly, while the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased significantly. Nitrogen nutrition at NH4+--N/NO3--N ratio of 1/4 had the best alleviation effect to salt stress, e.g., under 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress, the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency at NH4+--N/NO3--N ratio of 1/4 increased by 1.63, 1.57, 1.39, 1.37, and 1.2 times, respectively, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration decreased by 17%, compared with those at the NH4+--N/NO3--N ratio of 4/1. Therefore, relative to NH4+--N, the increase of the proportion of NO3--N was more conducive to maintain the balance of mineral nutrients, promote the photosynthesis, and enhance the resistance of H. tuberosus to salt stress.

Key words: Apple quality, Meteorological factors, Multiple statistical analysis, Linear program, Climate divisions