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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (07): 1342-1346.

• 昆虫生态专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻鸭共作有机稻田蜘蛛多样性与飞虱数量的季节动态

黄先才1,2,周子杨1,2,孟玲1,2,李保平1,2**   

  1. 1南京农业大学植物保护学院, 南京 210095;2农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室, 南京农业大学, 南京 210095
  • 出版日期:2011-07-08 发布日期:2011-07-08

Seasonal dynamics of spider diversity and rice planthopper abundance in organic farming paddy rice-duck field.

HUANG Xian-cai1,2, ZHOU Zi-yang1,2, MENG Ling1,2, LI Bao-ping1,2**   

  1. 1College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and
     Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China
  • Online:2011-07-08 Published:2011-07-08

摘要: 为探究有机农田害虫治理途径和方法,对华东中晚稻区稻鸭共作有机稻田以及常规对照稻田(根据杀虫剂施用量不同分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ)的蜘蛛和飞虱数量动态进行了连续2年的全季节系统调查。结果显示:蜘蛛由9~10科组成,Shannon多样性指数依次为常规稻田Ⅱ>常规稻田Ⅰ>有机田,而Simpson集中优势性指数均为有机田最高;3类稻田蜘蛛个体数量的季节变化动态比较一致,在水稻生长的早期,有机稻田中的蜘蛛个体数量低于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ,水稻生长的中、后期则相反。有机稻田中飞虱个体数量的季节波动比较大,而常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ中飞虱数量的季节变化不明显;有机稻田飞虱个体数量显著高于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ,但蜘蛛个体数量差异不显著;有机稻田中蜘蛛个体数量跟随飞虱个体数量变化比较明显,而常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ则不明显。两年的数据表明,蛛虱比的最低值都出现在有机稻田,而整个生育季节的蛛虱比也为有机稻田低于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ。研究结果说明,有机作物种植中害虫治理面临严峻挑战,需要探索切实可行的生态学治理新方法。

关键词: 林带, 灌草带, 数值模拟, 相对风速

Abstract: To explore the approaches and methods of insect pest management in organic farming paddy fields, a two-year investigation was conducted on the quanti
tative dynamics of spiders and rice planthoppers in organic farming middle-late rice-duck field in East China across rice growth season, with the conventional paddy fields (Ⅰand Ⅱ, according to the pesticide application rate) as the control. A total of 9-10 families of spiders were recorded for different farming systems. The spider’s species diversity as measured by Shannon index was in the order of conventional paddy field Ⅱ> conventional paddy field Ⅰ > organic farming rice-duck field, while the dominance index was the highest in organic farming rice-duck field. The spider’s abundance in early growth season was lower in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields Ⅰand Ⅱ, while that in middle and late growth seasons was in reverse. Rice planthopper’s abundance in organic farming rice-duck field had a greater seasonal fluctuation, compared with that in conventional paddy fields. The abundance of rice planthoppers was greater in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields, but the abundance of spiders had less difference, resulting in a lower spider/rice planthopper ratio in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields across rice growth season. The results suggest that the pest control in organic farming rice-duck field confronts serious challenge, and it is necessary to explore practical and feasible ecology-based management methods.

Key words: Windbreak, Shrub, Numerical simulation, Relative velocity