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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (04): 717-723.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

泽陆蛙(Fejervarya limnocharis)两性异形的个体发育和雌体繁殖

施林强,张秀琴,马小梅   

  1. 杭州师范大学动物适应与进化杭州市重点实验室, 杭州 310036
  • 出版日期:2011-04-08 发布日期:2011-04-08

Ontogeny in sexual dimorphism and female reproduction of rice frog Fejervarya limnocharis.

SHI Lin-qiang, ZHANG Xiu-qin, MA Xiao-mei   

  1. Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
  • Online:2011-04-08 Published:2011-04-08

摘要: 2010年3月下旬—7月上旬于浙江富阳市农田采集680只泽陆蛙(Fejervarya limnocharis),研究了泽陆蛙成体和幼体的个体大小和局部形态特征的两性异形;通过解剖雌体获得窝卵数、测量抱对个体获得形态数据,研究了雌体大小与生育力关系以及抱对两性个体体形大小的相关性。结果表明:捕获个体中,雌性和雄性成体的最小体长分别为33 mm和30 mm;雄性成体个体数显著超过雌性成体,两性幼体个体数无显著差异;两性成体头部大小、四肢长随体长呈同速增长,眼径和体重随体长呈异速增长,两性幼体所有被检形态特征均随体长呈同速增长;雌性成体平均体长显著大于雄性成体,去除体长差异的影响后发现,除眼径无显著的两性差异外,其余被检形态特征均为雌性大于雄性;幼体除雌性体重大于雄性外,其余被检形态特征均无两性差异;窝卵数与雌体大小(体长和体重)呈显著的正相关;两性抱对个体的体长无显著相关性;泽陆蛙雄性成体体形小于雌性成体的个体大小两性异形模式可能决定于驱使雄性向较大体形发展的进化驱动力相对较弱,雌性增大体形可增加繁殖输出,故向较大体形发展的进化驱动力相对较强;除体重外,其余被检形态特征的两性异形均形成于性成熟之后。

关键词: 草地景观, 景观格局, 生物多样性, 景观退化与恢复, 景观美学价值

Abstract: From late March to early July 2010, a total of 680 Fejervarya limnocharis individuals from a population in Fuyang of Zhejiang (East China) were collected to study the sexual dimorphism of the adults and juveniles in body size and other morphological traits. In the meantime, independent samples of adult females (n=29) were anatomized to examine the relationship between fecundity (clutch size) and maternal body size. Thirteen pairs of frogs were measured to examine the relationship of body size between paired individuals. Among the individuals collected, the smallest snout-urostyle length (SUL) of sexually matured females and males were 33 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Adult males (n=310) outnumbered adult females (n=219), whereas juvenile males (n=87) and females (n=64) did not differ significantly from equality. The increasing rates of head length, head width, fore-limb length, and hind-limb length with SUL did not differ between the sexes, whereas those of eye diameter and body mass increased with SUL differed between the sexes. The mean SUL was significantly greater for adult females than for adult males. When removing the influence of variation in SUL, we found that all other examined morphological traits except eye diameter were significantly greater for adult females than for adult males. In juveniles, the mean body mass was greater for females than for males of the same SUL, whereas other examined morphological traits all did not differ between the sexes. Clutch size was positively correlated with maternal SUL. In paired frogs, female SUL was not correlated with male SUL, and adult males were smaller than adult females. Such a pattern of sexual size dimorphism presumably resulted from the relatively weak driving force for increased body size in males and, on the other hand, from the relatively strong driving force for increased body size in females where there was a positive correlation between reproductive output and body size. Sexual dimorphism in body mass could be detected in juveniles, whereas other examined morphological traits were sexually dimorphic only in adults.

Key words: Grassland landscape, Landscape pattern, Biodiversity, Landscape degradation and restoration, Landscape aesthetic value