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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (06): 1147-1152.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

石灰氮对福寿螺的急性毒性效应

赵本良1,2,3,章家恩1,2,3**,代魏1,罗明珠1,宋春秀1   

  1. 1华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642; 2华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点开放实验室广州510642;3广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室, 广州 510642
  • 出版日期:2011-06-08 发布日期:2011-06-08

Acute toxic effect of calcium cyanamide on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

ZHAO Ben-liang1,2,3, ZHANG Jia-en1,2,3, DAI Wei1, LUO Ming-zhu1, SONG Chun-xiu1   

  1. 1Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2Key Laboratory of Ecological Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510642, China; 3Key Laboratory of Agro-ecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • Online:2011-06-08 Published:2011-06-08

摘要: 福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)是世界自然保护联盟认定的世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一,在华南地区已对水稻生产造成严重危害。本研究将福寿螺按照壳高(H)分为小螺(5 mm≤H<15 mm)、中螺(15 mm≤H<25 mm)、大螺(25 mm≤H<35 mm)和超大螺(35 mm≤H<45 mm),通过室内毒性试验,探讨了化学肥料石灰氮(氰氨化钙)对不同体型福寿螺的毒性效应。结果表明:石灰氮对不同大小福寿螺毒性效应显著,尤其是对中小福寿螺具有很强的抑制和杀灭作用;石灰氮处理7 d后,最低浓度02 g·L-1处理造成71%死亡率,其他处理死亡率均在95%以上,其中3.0和5.0 g·L-1处理中福寿螺全部死亡;石灰氮对不同大小福寿螺的半抑制浓度(24 h)和半致死浓度(96 h)大小顺序均为小螺<中螺<大螺<超大螺;石灰氮对福寿螺的抑制效应显著,其对福寿螺的平均半抑制浓度为0.08~0.39 g·L-1;1.0和5.0 g·L-1浓度的石灰氮处理24 h后,福寿螺鰓组织SOD酶活性呈极显著下降,分别为对照的41%和60%。本研究表明,石灰氮在入侵生物福寿螺的防治方面有一定应用潜力,有望成为一种新型的“杀螺肥料”。

关键词: 甲磺隆, 除草剂, 土壤, pH值, 微生物活性

Abstract: Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is one of the 100 worst invasive alien species cognized by World Conservation Union, and has been resulting in a mass loss of rice production in South China. In this study, the snails accoding to their shell height (H) were divided into four groups, i.e., small size (5 mm≤H<15 mm), medium size (15 mm≤H<25 mm), large size (25 mm≤H<35 mm), and extra large size (35 mm≤H<45 mm), and a laboratory toxicity test was conducted to evaluate the molluscicidal activity of chemical fertilizer calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) in controlling different sizes P. canaliculata. Calcium cyanamide had significant molluscicidal effect on different sizes, especially small and medium sizes P. canaliculata. After treated one week, 0.2 g·L-1 of CaCN2 induced 71% mortality, and high concentrations CaCN2 resulted in above 95% mortality, with 100% mortality in treatments 3.0 g·L-1 and 5.0 g·L-1 of CaCN2. Both the 24 h median inhibitive concentration and the 96 h median lethal concentration of CaCN2 on different sizes P. canaliculata were all in the order of small size < medium size < large size < extra large size. Calcium cyanamide had significant inhibitive effect on P. canaliculata. The mean inhibitive concentration of CaCN2 ranged from 0.08 g·L-1 to 0.39 g·L-1. After treated 24 h, the SOD activity of P. canaliculata in treatments 1.0 g·L-1 and 5.0 g·L-1 of CaCN2 decreased significantly, being 41% and 60% of the control, respectively. This study showed that calcium cyanamide had definite potential in controlling P. canaliculata invasion, being hopeful to be used as a kind of molluscicidal fertilizer in paddy field.

Key words: Metsulfuron-methyl, Herbicide, Soil, pH, Microbial activity