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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙地风蚀作用对土壤碳、氮分布的影响

连杰1,2**,赵学勇1,王少昆1,王新源1,2,岳祥飞1,2,韩娟娟1,2,云建英1,黄文达1   

  1. (1中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所奈曼沙漠化研究站, 兰州 730000; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2013-03-10 发布日期:2013-03-10

Impacts of wind erosion on the distribution patterns of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in Horqin Sandy Land, China.

LIAN Jie1,2**, ZHAO Xue-yong1, WANG Shao-kun1, WANG Xin-yuan1,2, YUE Xiang-fei1,2, HAN Juan-juan1,2, YUN Jian-ying1, HUANG Wen-da1   

  1. (1Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2013-03-10 Published:2013-03-10

摘要:

对位于科尔沁沙地奈曼旗中部的沙漠化区域(S区)和舍力虎湖盆(潜在沙漠化区域,P区)表层土壤理化性质、0~100 cm土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)和土壤各级颗粒密度进行了对比分析;S区内设对照点MS、风蚀发生地TS和颗粒沉降地LS,P区内相应位置设为MC、NC和SC。结果表明:自西北向东南由以中粗沙组分为主的土壤向以粘粉粒和极细沙组分为主的土壤过渡;粘粉粒密度每减少1 kg·m-2,SOC和TN密度分别下降10和1.1 g·m-2;0~20 cm土壤容重平均值在1.322~1.651 g·cm-3变化,表现为TS>MS>LS>NC>SC>MC,粘粉粒含量表现出完全相反的趋势,pH表现为NC>SC>MC>S区;相对各区域的对照点,以风力侵蚀作用为主的TS和SC处SOC和TN含量及密度有不同程度的下降;同样以土壤可蚀性颗粒的沉降堆积作用为主,LS的SOC和TN含量及密度较TS和MS有明显的增加,而NC较SC和MC均大幅减少。S区土壤粘粉粒中的SOC和TN含量远高于P区,但风蚀引起的粘粉粒吹蚀和沙沉积对P区土壤质量的影响程度显著大于S区。区域自然条件下,特定的土地利用方式增大了潜在沙漠化土壤的风蚀风险,风蚀作用的持续效应导致了不同的土壤碳、氮储量变化。
 

关键词: 水稻, CO2浓度增加, 含N率, N素生产效率

Abstract: Taking the severely desertified region (S) in central Naiman County and the region with potential desertification (P) in Shelihu Lake basin of Horqin Sandy Land as test objects, a comparative study was made on the topsoil physical and chemical properties and the 0-100 cm soil layer’s organic carbon and total nitrogen contents and particle size fractions. In the regions S and P, three plots were installed, respectively, i.e., control (MS and MC), winderoded (TS and SC), and particulate-deposited (LS and NC). From northwest to southeast, the soil texture in the study area varied from coarse and fine sand to silt and clay and very fine sand. With the density of silt and clay decreased by 1 kg·m-2, the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents decreased by 10 and 1.1 g·m-2, respectively. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the bulk density was averagely 1.322-1.651 g·cm-3 and in the order of TS>MS>LS>NC>SC>MC, silt and clay fraction varied in a reverse order, and pH was in the order of NC>SC>MC> region S. As compared with those in the control plots MS and MC, the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in winderoded plots TS and SC decreased to different extent. In the particulatedeposited plots LS and NC, the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents had an obvious increase in LS than in TS and MS, but a sharp decrease in NC than in SC and MC. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in silt and clay fraction were much higher in region S than in region P, but the impact of wind erosion-induced silt and clay loss and particulate deposition on soil quality was more significant in region P than in region S. It was suggested that under the natural conditions of Horqin Sandy Land, inappropriate land use and management could increase the wind erosion risk of potentially desertified soil, and the sustained impact of wind erosion could induce the different changes of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage.