欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

高浓度臭氧对美国薄荷(Monarda didyma L.)叶片光合及抗性生理特征的影响

王义婧1,2,李岩1,徐胜1,3*,何兴元1,2,3,陈玮1,3,吴娴4   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016; 4安徽农业大学, 合肥 230036)
  • 出版日期:2019-03-10 发布日期:2019-03-10

Effects of elevated ozone concentrations on photosynthetic and resistant physiological characteristics of Monarda didymaL. leaves.

WANG Yi-jing1,2, LI Yan1, XU Sheng1,3*, HE Xing-yuan1,2,3, CHEN Wei1,2,3, WU Xian4   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016; 4Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China).
  • Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-03-10

摘要: 以一种常见药食两用植物——美国薄荷(Monarda didyma L.)为实验材料,利用开顶箱(OTC)模拟法,研究了不同臭氧浓度(40 (CK)、80、120和160 nmol·mol-1)下薄荷叶片生理生态指标的变化规律。结果表明:(1)120、160 nmol·mol-1浓度的O3经过14 d的熏蒸对薄荷造成了明显的伤害,叶片表面出现了大量黄褐色斑块,80 nmol·mol-1处理下则无明显的可见伤害症状;(2)处理14 d时,高浓度O3熏蒸(160 nmol·mol-1)降低了薄荷叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),与对照相比分别下降了30.2%、53.1%、25.7%和3.6%;(3)处理14 d时,与对照相比,高浓度O3熏蒸(160 nmol·mol-1)使得薄荷叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(74.6%)、超氧阴离子(O2-·)产生速率显著上升(31.0%)(P<0.05);而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(19.5%)及可溶性蛋白含量(20.9%)显著下降(P<0.05),表明高浓度O3导致了严重的膜脂过氧化和氧化胁迫,并且破坏了植株抗氧化系统的功能;脱落酸(ABA)含量显著增加(31.0%),表明O3熏蒸显著促进了植物叶片的衰老和脱落(黄叶率增加)。因此,O3污染可能会对薄荷等芳香类植物的生长及其食用和药用价值带来不利的影响。

关键词: 沙棘, 群落特性, 水分, 养分, 黄土丘陵区

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to examine the variations of the physiological characters in leaves of Monarda didyma L. exposed to different ozone concentrations (40 (CK), 80, 120 and 160 nmol·mol-1) in open top chambers (OTCs). The results were as follows: (1) An obviously visible leaf injury was observed under 120 and 160 nmol·mol-1 O3 with fumigation of 14 days, and a large number of yellowbrown patches appeared on the leaves, while no visible injury was observed under 80 nmol·mol-1 O3. (2) After 14-days fumigation, elevated O3 (160 nmol·mol-1) decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), PSⅡ electron transfer quantum yield (ΦPSⅡ) and PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficient (Fv/Fm) by 30.2%, 53.1%, 25.7% and 3.6%, respectively. (3) Elevated O3 (160 nmol·mol-1) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (74.6%) and the production rate of superoxide radical (O2-·) (31.0%) after fumigation of 14 days, while significantly deceased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (19.5%) and soluble protein content (20.9%), indicating that elevated O3 led to serious lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and destroyed the function of antioxidant system in plants. The content of abscisic acid (ABA) significantly increased (31.0%), suggesting the acceleration of the aging and abscission of plant leaves (the proportion of yellow leaves increased). Consequently, O3 pollution may have adverse effects on the growth of Monarda didyma and its edible and medicinal values.