Abstract: Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a first class rare, endangered and protected bird species in China. Historically, this species was distributed in whole Shaanxi province during Ming and Qing dynasties, and in central and southern Shaanxi from Minguo to the early 1960s. But presently, it can only be found in Yang county at the south side of Qinling Mountain. The main factors for its distributive variation are intensified human activities, vegetation and natural environment destruction, climatic changes and cropping system alternations.