关键词: 城镇化, 水资源开发利用, 综合发展指数, 洞庭湖区

Abstract: This paper deals with similarities and difference of the three concepts, biomanipulation, trophic cascade interactions and top-down forces, proposed by various authors. All of them emphasize the effects of predation and the nexus of Daphnia for the control of algae populations. Biomanipulation aims to manipulating the food web to improve water quality, i.e., the reduction of algae. Trophic cascade theory seeks to explain the within- and among-lake variability in basic primary production process, Top-down and bottom-up model predicts that maximum attainable biomass is determined by(bottom-up)nutrient availabity, and realizes that biomass is determined by the combined effects of top-down and bottom-up forces. The common approaches of biomanipulation are to stock piscivorous fishes, remove the plankitivorous and benthivorous fishes etc. in order to stimulate growth of the populations of large sized herbivorous cladocerans with high efficiency. The advance in this area is also reviewed.

Key words: urbanization, development and utilization of water resources, comprehensive development index, Dongting Lake District.