人工沟渠的生态环境效应研究综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人工沟渠主要指以排水和灌溉为目的人工挖掘的水道。人工沟渠作为排水和引水的廊道改善了土壤的结构、促进了作物的生长,从而提高了农作物的产量;同时人工沟渠这种景观的存在对周围的环境也产生了巨大的影响。水文效应是被大家普遍接受的生态环境效应。在整个降雨期间或之后,观察显示出沟渠对出口径流的贡献:一些沟渠收集和向河流输送水;另一些沟渠收集水但是减慢了水流的速度。本文从水文效应、对元素地球化学循环、生物及其生境的影响到对生态环境整体影响方面总结了人工沟渠的生态环境效应,并对其进一步的研究提出一些建议,旨在最大限度发挥人工沟渠的生态环境效应,改善整个生态环境。

关键词: 千岛湖, 光合特性, 优势种, 光环境, 林窗

Abstract: Man-made ditch is the artificial channel excavated for drainage and irrigation.As the corridor of drained and irrigated water,it can improve soil structure,promote crop growth,and thus,improve crop output.The existence of man-made ditch also has great effects on the environment around,among which,hydrological effect is the most available and acceptable one.Observations during and after rain events showed that man-made ditch contributes effectively to the runoff at the outlet.Some of the ditches can collect water and transfer it towards river,and the others can collect water and make it slow down.In this paper,the effects of man-made ditch on hydrology,element geochemistry,organisms and their habitats,and whole eco-environment were summarized,and suggestions on its further study were put forward,with the aim of exerting the effects of man-made ditch to benefit eco-environment.

Key words: Qiandao Lake, photosynthesis trait, dominant species, light regime, canopy gap.

中图分类号:

X171.2

郗敏, 吕宪国, 刘红玉. 人工沟渠的生态环境效应研究综述[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (12): 1471-1476.

XI Min, LU Xianguo, LIU Hongyu. Effects of man-made ditch on eco-environment:A research review[J]. cje, 2005, (12): 1471-1476.

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