黄土丘陵区三种典型土壤地类造林技术

生态学杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. ›› Issue (12): 1537-1542,1552.

黄土丘陵区三种典型土壤地类造林技术

曹世雄¹, 陈莉², 高旺盛¹

1. 中国农业大学农业与生物技术学院区域农业发展研究中心, 北京, 100094;
2. 延安市水土保持研究所, 延安, 716000

收稿日期:2004-11-21 修回日期:2005-05-23 出版日期:2005-12-10
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018606)和延河流域世行贷款资助项目(3222CHA).

Sylvicultural technique on three types of soil in hilly-gully regions of Loess Plateau

CAO Shixiong¹, CHEN Li², GAO Wangsheng¹

1. Regional Agriculture Research & Development Centre, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
2. Yan'an Water and Soil Conservation Research Institute, Yan'an 716000, China

Received:2004-11-21 Revised:2005-05-23 Online:2005-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国黄土高原丘陵沟壑区是世界上水土流失最严重的区域之一,由于长期水土流失的侵蚀切割作用,表层土壤流失殆尽,黄绵土母质、红胶泥土以及土壤与岩石过渡类型———风化岩沫土等土壤类型依次裸露了出来,形成了3种典型的土壤地类,增加了造林的难度。由于红胶泥与风化岩沫土土壤瘠薄,当地林业部门认为这两种土壤地类不能造林,因此,传统造林只在黄棉土进行。为此,提出了“适土适树,因土制宜”的造林原则和“穴衬膜栽植技术”,以扩大适宜造林的土壤类型。穴衬膜栽植技术是指树木栽植时,在挖好的栽树坑底部和四周衬贴一层防渗薄膜(厚度为0.0007 mm可降解塑料薄膜),树木栽好覆土浇水后,再在地表面覆膜,防止栽树浇水(施肥)的渗漏和蒸发,使树根在较长时间内处于含水量较高、四周封闭的潮湿土壤之中,从而达到提高成活率和促进林木前期生长的目的。1997～2001年,我们在黄土丘陵区陕西省延安市下砭沟小流域采用田间对比试验法进行了5年试验,结果表明,穴衬膜栽植技术促进浅层根系的生长发育,保水作用可持续4个月以上,对各种树木成活率和生长量均有显著促进作用,在黄土丘陵地区这3种土壤地类采用穴衬膜栽植技术可达到良好的造林效果,特别是红胶泥和风化岩沫土地类主要位于沟谷两岸,地下水供给较为充裕,是浅根性植物生长发育的良好土壤类型,科学混交可获得更好效果。

关键词: 同化碳, 矿化, 转化, 土壤¹⁴C标记

Abstract: In the hilly-gully regions of Loess Plateau,the erosion-incision induced by long-term water and soil loss resulted in the disappearance of topsoil and the bareness of three types of soil(loess parent material,red-clay,and mantle rocky soil),which increased the difficulty of afforestation.In this paper,the afforestation principle "selecting suitable tree species for suitable soils" and the drought-resistance planting technique of "cave padded plastic film" were put forward,which could broaden the soil types to suit for planting trees.This planting technique was examined at the Xiaobangou basin of Yan'an city from 1997 to 2001,and the results showed that this technique could promote root growth in topsoil layer,keep soil water for 4 months,and significantly improve the survival rate and growth volume of all types of trees.The afforestation effects were better on the three types of soil in Loess Plateau,if the new planting technique was adopted.The red clay and mantle rock soil distributed on the both sides of gully with rich ground water were better for shallow-root trees to grow,and could obtain better effects if planting in scientific mixed planting.

Key words: assimilation carbon, mineralization, transformation, soil ¹⁴C labeling.

中图分类号:

S158.3

曹世雄, 陈莉, 高旺盛. 黄土丘陵区三种典型土壤地类造林技术[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (12): 1537-1542,1552.

CAO Shixiong, CHEN Li, GAO Wangsheng. Sylvicultural technique on three types of soil in hilly-gully regions of Loess Plateau[J]. cje, 2005, (12): 1537-1542,1552.

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