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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2836-2842.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性

毛志刚1,2,谷孝鸿1**,曾庆飞1,周露洪1,2,王小林3,吴林坤3,曹萍3,孙明波1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008;2中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049;3江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会办公室, 苏州 215004
  • 出版日期:2011-12-08 发布日期:2011-12-08

Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Taihu. 

MAO Zhi-gang1,2, GU Xiao-hong1**, ZENG Qing-fei1, ZHOU Lu-hong1,2, WANG Xiao-lin3, WU Lin-kun3, CAO Ping3, SUN Ming-bo1,2   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3Lake Taihu Fishery Management Commission of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215004, China
  • Online:2011-12-08 Published:2011-12-08

摘要: 为了解太湖鱼类群落结构和多样性的分布特征,于2009—2010年利用拖网等网具对该水域的鱼类资源进行了调查。结果表明:本次调查共采获鱼类50种,隶属10目15科40属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的68%;鱼类生态类型以湖泊定居性种类为主,群落优势种为湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)、间下鱵(Hyporhamphus intermedius)和陈氏短吻银鱼(Salangichthys jordani)等小型鱼类;与历史资料相比,太湖鱼类的物种数量下降,优势种组成发生较大变化,鱼类群落中体质量<30 g的小型鱼类占绝对优势,渔业资源小型化趋势明显。由于过度捕捞和湖泊环境恶化,鱼类群落生物多样性指数均表现偏低,物种丰富度指数D为1.54,多样性指数HNHW分别为0.21和0.46,均匀度指数JNJW分别为0.07和0.14;太湖各湖区间鱼类种群和多样性的差别一定程度上反映出鱼类群落结构与湖泊营养盐、透明度等环境特征相适应的特点。

关键词: 大别山, 黄山松, 树轮宽度, 气候响应

Abstract: In 2009-2010, bottom trawl surveys were conducted on the fish resources in Lake Taihu, aimed to understand the characteristics of fish community structure and diversity in the Lake. A total of 50 fish species were collected, belonging to 40 genera, 15 families, and 10 orders, among which, Cypriniformes had the largest species number, accounting for 68% of the total. The fish community was composed of three ecological guilds, and limnology species were most abundant (78% of the total abundance). The dominant species were of mini-type fish such as Coilia ectenes taihuensis, Hyporhamphus intermedius, and Salangichthys jordani. As compared with historical data, the fish species number in the Lake decreased, the composition of dominant species changed greater, and the mini-type fishes with body mass <30 g were absolutely dominant, with an obvious tendency of fish resources becoming smaller-scale. Due to overfishing and water pollution, the Margalef richness index D, Shannon diversity indices HN and HW, and Pielou evenness indices JN and JW in the Lake all decreased, being 1.54, 0.21, 0.46, 0.07, and 0.14, respectively. To some extent, the differences in the fish species composition and biodiversity reflected the adaption characteristics of the fishes to the environmental variables such as nutrients and transparency in the Lake.

Key words: Dabie Mountain, Pinus taiwanensis, tree-ring width, climatic response.