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新疆三工河流域农业绿洲近30年景观格局变化及其驱动力

陆晴1,2,刘丽娟1,王玉刚1**,李彦1   

  1. (1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2013-03-10 发布日期:2013-03-10

Landscape pattern change and its driving forces in agricultural oasis of Sangong River basin in Xinjiang, Northwest China in recent 30 years.

LU Qing1,2, LIU Li-juan1, WANG Yu-gang1**, LI Yan1   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2013-03-10 Published:2013-03-10

摘要: 干旱区绿洲水土资源的不平衡利用导致了荒漠化问题日益严重。本文以新疆三工河流域农业绿洲区为例,利用1978、1987、1998和2009年4期影像数据,综合应用景观格局分析方法、GIS、RS和统计等手段,分析了流域尺度土地利用景观演变及其驱动要素。结果表明:人为土地开发作用的加强,增加了景观的多样性,同时加剧了景观破碎化,区域景观斑块由自然景观类型中的草地景观类型为主导,转变为人工景观中的耕地景观类型。由于区域耕地的增加,引发对水资源需求加大,造成人为水利建设作用加强,推动了流域景观的演变,同时人类经济活动也加速了区域景观格局的演化过程。

关键词: 水稻, 稗草, 光合速率, 根系氧化力, ATP酶活性

Abstract:

The imbalance utilization of water and land resources in oasis has resulted in serious desertification in inland river basin of arid area. Taking the agricultural oasis in the Sangong River basin of Xinjiang as a case, this paper studied the landscape pattern change and its driving forces at basin scale, based on the Landsat images data in 1978, 1987, 1998, and 2009, and by using the theories of landscape ecology and the methods of GIS, RS, and statistics. In the oasis, the increasing intensity of land exploitation under human activities increased the landscape diversity, and intensified the landscape fragmentation. The main landscape patch types changed from the grassland in natural landscape type to the cropland in artificial landscape type. Due to the increasing area of cropland, more volumes of water resources were needed for agriculture, which promoted the construction of irrigation works. The changes in the water resources utilization pushed forward the oasis landscape evolution, while the anthropogenic activities also accelerated the evolution processes of the oasis landscape.

 

Key words: rice, barnyardgrass, photosynthetic rate, root oxidation activity, adenosine triphosphate enzyme activity.