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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (08): 1917-1923.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

秦岭山地天然油松群落主要植物种群生态位特征

柴宗政,王得祥**,张丽楠,张洋,黄青平,吴昊   

  1. (西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100)
  • 出版日期:2012-08-10 发布日期:2012-08-10

Niche characteristics of main plant populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China.

CHAI Zong-zheng, WANG De-xiang**, ZHANG Li-nan, ZHANG Yang, HUANG Qing-ping, WU Hao   

  1. (College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)
  • Online:2012-08-10 Published:2012-08-10

摘要: 应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度及Pianka生态位重叠研究方法,对秦岭山地天然油松群落内20种主要乔木及26种主要灌木的种群生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)油松、锐齿槲栎、华山松、漆树为乔木层的优势种群,而榛子、卫矛、忍冬、荚蒾为灌木层的优势种群。(2)乔木层中上述优势种群具有较大的生态位宽度,构成了该群落的主体;灌木层中荚蒾、胡颓子、卫矛、榛子等种群的生态位宽度较大。(3)乔木层主要种群间生态位重叠相对较少,其中冬瓜杨-尖叶四照花、盐肤木-山杨、小叶杨白桦、小叶杨-少脉椴等种对生态位重叠值较高;灌木层主要种群间生态位重叠较多,其中卫矛-陕西卫矛、绣线菊-忍冬、粉背黄栌-黑刺菝葜、高山杜鹃-中华柳等种对生态位重叠较高。(4)群落内优势种群生态位宽度较大,与其他种群间的生态位重叠值相对较高,但生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间没有绝对的正相关关系。

关键词: 白菜型油菜, 冬油菜, 安全越冬, 区域, 经济效益

Abstract: By using Levins and Hurlbert formulae of niche breadth and Pianka formula of niche overlap, this paper analyzed the niche characteristics of 20 trees and 26 shrub populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains. In canopy layer, P. tabulaeformis, Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata, P. armandii, and Toxicodendron vernicifluum were the dominant populations; in shrub layer, the dominant populations were Corylus heterophylla, Euonymus alatus, Lonicera japonica, and Viburnum dilatatum. The dominant populations in canopy layer had the largest niche breadth, and were the main body of the communities; while the V. dilatatum, Elaeagnus pungens, E. alatus, and C. heterophylla in shrub layer had a larger niche breadth than the other populations. In canopy layer, there was a lower niche overlap between the dominant populations, but the Populus purdomiiDendrobenthamia anguwstata, Rhus chinensisPopulus davidiana, and Populus simoniiBetula platyphylla had a higher niche overlap. In shrub layer, more dominant populations appeared niche overlap, and E. alatus-E. schensianus, Spiraea salicifoliaLonicera japonica, Cotinus coggygria var. glaucophylla-Smilax scobinicaulis, and Rhododendron lapponicum-Salix cathayana showed a larger niche overlap. The dominant populations in the communities had a larger niche breadth and a higher niche overlap with other populations, but no positive correlation was observed between the niche breadth and niche overlap.

Key words: Brassica campestris, winter rapeseed, safety wintering, division, economic benefit.