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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (08): 1903-1910.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

替代牧草对黄顶菊生物量分配及光合作用的影响

姜娜1,皇甫超河1,王楠楠1,陈冬青1,屠臣阳1,杨殿林1**,王彩灵2   

  1. 1农业部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191; 2海拉尔区农业技术推广中心, 内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021008)
  • 出版日期:2012-08-10 发布日期:2012-08-10

Effects of replacement control with forage species on the biomass allocation and photosynthetic characteristics of Flaveria bidentis.

JIANG Na1, HUANGFU Chao-he1, WANG Nan-nan1, CHEN Dong-qing1, TU Chen-yang1, YANG Dian-lin1**, WANG Cai-ling2   

  1. (1AgroEnvironmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; 2The AgroTech Extension and Service Center of Hailaer, Hulunbeier 021008, Inner Mongolia, China)
  • Online:2012-08-10 Published:2012-08-10

摘要: 选用高丹草、沙打旺两种牧草对入侵植物黄顶菊进行生物替代,比较不同替代处理中黄顶菊的生物量分配和光合特性的差异以验证替代效果。结果表明:替代调控明显地影响了黄顶菊的生物量积累并且改变了其分配格局;替代处理区的各生物量指标均显著低于对照区;与黄顶菊单种对照相比,沙打旺和高丹草中的黄顶菊总生物量分别下降了90.2%、94.2%;沙打旺中的黄顶菊和高丹草中的黄顶菊叶生物量比升高,而根生物量比、支持结构生物量比、根冠比降低,显示黄顶菊在替代处理下倾向于增加光合同化器官面积。替代处理下的黄顶菊光合作用均受到显著影响,净光合速率Pn显著下降,其中高丹草中的黄顶菊的Pn仅为2.15 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1。试验结果显示,在替代条件下限制光合的主要因素是非气孔限制因素,即导致黄顶菊光合作用大幅下降的原因是替代牧草遮阴作用引起的光能供应的不足。可塑性指数分析表明,黄顶菊具有较高的表型可塑性,显示其对逆境条件较强的适应性与入侵能力。替代措施能抑制黄顶菊的生物量积累与繁殖,影响其光合生产力,具有较好的防控效果。

关键词: 石灰氮, 连作障碍, 土壤微生物生物量碳, 土壤微生物生物量氮, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Two native forage species (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense and Astragalus adsurgens) were chosen to replace and control the exotic invasive plant Flaveria bidentis, and a field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the replacement control with the two forage species on the growth and physiological characteristics of F. bidentis. The replacement control suppressed the growth and reproduction of F. bidentis effectively. Compared with that of monoculture F. bidentis, the total biomass of F. bidentis mixed cultured with A. adsurgens and S. bicolor × S. sudanense was decreased by 90.2% and 94.2%, respectively. Except for leaf biomass ratio, all the other biomass indices of F. bidentis in the replacement treatments decreased by more than 90%. The flower mass ratio of F. bidentis decreased significantly in A. adsurgens replacement treatment but increased in S. bicolor × S. sudanense replacement treatment. In the two replacement treatments, the net photosynthetic (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), and chlorophyll content of F. bidentis all had a significant decrease, and the Pn of F. bidentis in S. icolor × S. sudanense treatment was only 2.15 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1. The results revealed that under the replacement control with the forage species, insufficient light supply limited the carbon assimilation of F. bidentis. Plasticity analysis showed that F. bidentis had higher phenotypic plasticity, and the phenotypic index of flower mass ratio reached up to 0.91, indicating the high invasive potential of the invasive plant. It was suggested that field replacement control could realize a win-win situation of economic value and ecological benefits.

Key words: calcium cyanamide, continuous cropping obstacles, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, soil enzyme activity.