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巫山淫羊藿开花物候与生殖特征

权秋梅**,黎云祥   

  1. (西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637000)
  • 出版日期:2013-04-10 发布日期:2013-04-10

Flowering phenology and reproductive feature of Epimedium wushanense.

QUAN Qiu-mei**, LI Yun-xiang   

  1. (China West Normal University, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China)
  • Online:2013-04-10 Published:2013-04-10

摘要: 研究巫山淫羊藿(Epimedium wushanense)3个种群的开花物候进程和生殖特征,分析了不同种群中的花部特征、开花物候指数和结实率差异,以及开花物候指数对巫山淫羊藿生殖成功的影响。结果表明:巫山淫羊藿花期为3月初到4月中下旬,种群开花一般历时22~27 d;单株花期(花序)约12~17 d;单花花期一般为3~4 d。3个种群的个体水平的开花振幅曲线呈单峰型曲线,均具有较高的开花同步指数,表现出一种集中开花式样。相关分析表明:坐果数与开花高峰期、终花期、花期持续时间和花蕾数均呈极显著正相关,但坐果数与始花期无相关关系。开花物候变异系数分析表明:3个种群中花期持续时间、单花持续时间、终花期、开花高峰期和坐果数差异极显著;总花数、开花振幅和结实率差异显著;开花同步指数和始花期无显著差异性。3个种群中除同步性指数外,其余指数的变异系数均有差异,此外,巫山淫羊藿中结实率受到距的长短的影响。表明巫山淫羊藿的开花物候和生殖特征受到微环境的影响,同时生殖特征还受到花部特征距的影响。

关键词: 水氮耦合, 干物质积累, 滴灌, 氮肥利用率, 玉米

Abstract: Taking three Epimedium wushanense populations as test objects, this paper studied their flowering phenology and reproductive feature, and analyzed the differences in the floral syndrome, flowering phenology index, and fruit set among the populations as well as the effects of flowering phenology index on the reproductive success of E. wushanense. The flowering span of E. wushanense was from early March to mid and late April, and the flowering phase of the population, individual, and single flower lasted approximately 22-27, 12-17, and 3-4 days, respectively. The flowering amplitude curves of the populations at individual level were of single peak and higher synchrony, exhibiting a “massflowering” pattern. Correlation analysis showed that fruit set number had significant positive correlations with peak flowering date, last flowering date, flowering duration, and bud number, but less correlation with first flowering date. The analysis of the coefficient of variation of flowering phenology indicated that there existed significant differences in the flowering duration, last flowering date, peak flowering date, fruit set number, total flower number, flowering amplitude, and frit set, but less difference in the flowering synchrony index and first flowering date among the three populations. In addition, the fruit set was also affected by the spur of E. wushanense. This study showed that the flowering phenology and reproductive feature of E. wushanense were affected by micro-environment, and the reproductive
feature was also affected by the spur of E. wushanense.

Key words: water coupling with nitrogen, dry matter accumulation, drip irrigation, N fertilizer use efficiency, maize.