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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2521-2528.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦节水灌溉气象等级指标

肖晶晶1,2,霍治国1**,金志凤2,李娜3,王丽1,卢小凤1,4,张蕾1   

  1. 1中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081; 2浙江省气候中心, 杭州 310017; 3山西省气象决策服务中心, 太原 030006; 4南京信息工程大学, 南京 210044)
  • 出版日期:2012-10-10 发布日期:2012-10-10

Meteorological grading indices of water-saving irrigation for winter wheat.

XIAO Jing-jing1,2, HUO Zhi-guo1**, JIN Zhi-feng2, LI Na3, WANG Li1, LU Xiao-feng1,4, ZHANG Lei1   

  1. (1Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou 310017, China; 3Shanxi Meteorological Service Center for Decision Making, Taiyuan 030006, China; 4Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)
  • Online:2012-10-10 Published:2012-10-10

摘要: 基于农田水分平衡原理、非充分灌溉理论和调亏灌溉理论,利用全国560个地面气象观测站1961—2008年逐日气象资料、436个农业气象观测站1993—2008年(其中84个站为1980—2008年)逐旬土壤湿度,以及实际灌溉量、逐年作物产量等资料,结合FAO-1979作物产量-水分关系函数,分析全国冬小麦种植区播种-拔节、拔节-抽穗、抽穗-成熟和全生育期的水分亏缺率、水分亏缺量与减产率之间的关系,构建冬小麦不同发育期和全生育期节水灌溉气象等级指标。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期节水灌溉气象Ⅰ~Ⅲ级水分亏缺率和水分亏缺量(辅助指标)指标分别为[15%,30%)、[30%,50%)、≥50%和1~2水、2~4水、>4水;播种拔节为[20%,40%)、[40%,60%)、≥60%和1水、1~2水、>2水;拔节-抽穗为[15%,30%)、[30%,45%)、≥45%和0.5水、1水、>1水;抽穗成熟为[15%,30%)、[30%,50%)、≥50%和1水、1~2水、>2水。指标体系可以为优化农业灌溉、指导农业生产提供科学支撑。

关键词: 大豆, 套作, 抗倒, 纤维素, 蔗糖, 酶活性

Abstract: In this paper, the meteorological grading indices of water-saving irrigation for winter wheat at its different development stages were built, based on the principle of cropland water balance and the theories of insufficient irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation, and by using the multidimensional information, including the daybyday meteorological data in 1961-2008 from 560 meteorological stations, the every ten-day soil moisture data in 1993-2008 from 463 agro-meteorological stations (of which, the data in 1980-2008 came from 84 agrometeorological stations), and the yearbyyear irrigation amount and yield data. In combination with the product-water function (FAO-1979), the relationships of the water deficiency rate and water deficit quantity of winter wheat at the stages of sowingjointing, jointingheading, and heading-maturing and in the whole growth period with yield reduction rate were analyzed. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, the water-saving irrigation meteorological grading indices from I to Ⅲ levels of water deficiency rate and water deficit quantity (secondary indicator) were [15%, 30%), [30%, 50%), and ≥50%, corresponding to 1-2 irrigations (600 m3·hm-2 each time), 2-4 irrigations, and >4 irrigations, respectively. At sowingjointing stage, the indices were [20%, 40%), [40%, 60%) and ≥60%, corresponding to 1 irrigation, 1-2 irrigations, and >2 irrigations; at jointing-heading stage, the indices were [15%, 30%), [30%, 45%) and ≥45%, corresponding to 0.5 irrigation, 1 irrigation, and >1 irrigation; and at heading-maturing stage, the indices were \[15%, 30%), \[30%, 50%) and ≥50%, corresponding to 1 irrigation, 1-2 irrigations, and >2 irrigations, respectively. These indices could supply scientific support for the optimization of irrigation, and give guidance to agricultural production

Key words: soybean, intercropping, lodging resistance, cellulose, sugar, enzyme activity.