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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米硫酸铅对小球藻的毒性

孙红羽1,2,张思玉2,赵冰2,杨晨1,2,赵青2,张雪娇2,李海波1*   

  1. (1东北大学资源与土木工程学院, 环境工程实验室, 沈阳 110819;2 中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Toxicity of lead sulfate nanoparticles to Chlorella vulgaris.

SUN Hong-yu1,2, ZHANG Si-yu2, ZHAO Bing2, YANG Chen1,2, ZHAO Qing2, ZHANG Xue-jiao2, LI Hai-bo1*   

  1. (1Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; 2Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 纳米铅颗粒是大气细颗粒物的重要组分之一,目前对其植物毒性机制所知甚少。本研究以纳米硫酸铅(nano-PbSO4)为例,以普通小球藻作为受试生物,通过比较nano-PbSO4和铅离子(Pb2+)对小球藻形貌及生长率的影响,阐明二者毒性效应差异;通过测定nano-PbSO4在培养基中的Pb2+溶出率,探讨其毒性效应机制。结果表明:nano-PbSO4附着于小球藻表面,使其表面明显凹陷;nano-PbSO4对普通小球藻生长的抑制率随浓度增大而升高,符合两参数非线性函数Logit模型。相同浓度nano-PbSO4对小球藻生长的抑制明显低于Pb2+,半数效应浓度为后者的4.2倍。Nano-PbSO4 (0.01~1 mmol·L-1)在培养基中的Pb2+溶出率仅为0.31%~0.81%,说明nano-PbSO4对小球藻毒性效应主要由纳米颗粒的毒性效应导致,溶出的Pb2+对毒性的贡献较小。本研究可为纳米Pb污染物的生态风险评价提供参考。

关键词: 树干液流速率, 环境因子, 土壤水分, 辽东栎, 山杨

Abstract: Lead nanoparticles are major pollutants adsorbed to atmospheric fine particles. The phytotoxicity of lead nanoparticles is largely unknown. Here, the toxicity of lead nanoparticles to Chlorella vulgaris was investigated by taking lead sulfate nanoparticles (nano-PbSO4) as a model. The morphology and growth inhibition of C. vulgaris exposed to nano-PbSO4 or lead ion (Pb2+) were examined to elucidate the toxic effects. The concentration of Pb2+ in the culture medium containing nano-PbSO4 was analyzed to probe the toxicity mechanism. The results showed that C. vulgaris cells were sunken and shrunken after being exposed to nano-PbSO4, with visible nanoparticle aggregation on the surface. The inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris increased with the increases of nano-PbSO4 concentration and followed the nonlinear Logit model. The inhibition of nano-PbSO4 to the growth of C. vulgaris was significantly lower than that of corresponding concentration of Pb2+, with the median effective concentration being 4.2 times of that of Pb2+. Only 0.31%-0.81% of the nano-PbSO4 (0.01-1 mmol·L-1) was dissolved into Pb2+ in the culture medium, indicating that the toxicity of nano-PbSO4 was mainly attributed to the nano-effects with minor contribution of dissolved Pb2+. Our results provide reference for ecological risk assessment of lead nanoparticles.

Key words: sap flow velocity, environmental factors, soil moisture, Quercus liaotungensis, Populus davidiana.