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1980—2016年辽宁省主要粮食作物生产水足迹时空演变特征

薛冰1,2,董书恒1,2,3,黄裕普1,2,任婉侠1,2,逯承鹏1,2*   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;2辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Spatial-temporal evolution of water footprint during the production of main grain crops in Liaoning Province from 1980 to 2016.

XUE Bing1,2, DONG Shu-heng1,2,3, HUANG Yu-pu1,2, REN Wan-xia1,2, LU Cheng-peng1,2*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2Key Laboratory for Environmental Computation and Sustainability of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China; 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 基于水足迹理论,结合CROPWAT 8.0和GIS等工具,定量分析了1980—2016年辽宁省玉米、水稻和小麦三种主要粮食作物生产水足迹结构及其动态变化特征,并选取2000、2005、2010和2015年数据,阐明了辽宁省14个地级市主要粮食作物生产水足迹空间格局演变特征。结果表明:(1)研究期间,辽宁省玉米、水稻和小麦三种主要粮食作物生产年均水足迹约为132×108 m3,总体上呈现出波动上升趋势,其中年均绿水足迹占主导地位;而同种粮食作物的生产水足迹结构比例和总量存在明显的空间差异,沈阳市最高,本溪市最低;(2)从年际变化特征来看,玉米和水稻生产水足迹均呈现稳步上升趋势,而小麦生产水足迹呈现倒“U”形变化态势。从水足迹结构来看,绿水足迹所占比重较高,蓝水足迹和灰水足迹所占比重相对较低;(3)从空间格局演变特征来看,整体而言,北部主要粮食作物生产水足迹高于南部,南部高于中部,呈现由东北向西南降低的趋势。因此,合理搭配作物种植结构可有效提高水资源利用效率并改善水体污染情况,绿水资源的合理利用是实现水资源可持续利用的关键。

关键词: 机采棉, 水氮调控, 籽棉产量, 纤维品质, 水分利用效率, 氮肥偏生产力

Abstract: Under the framework of production water footprint theory, based on CROPWAT 8.0 and GIS software, we quantitatively analyzed the water footprint structure and its dynamics during the processes of maize, rice and wheat production in Liaoning Province from 1980 to 2016 and illustrated the spatial evolution of water footprint of main grain crops production in 14 cities in Liaoning Province using the data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The results are as follows: (1) During the study period, the annual water footprint of maize, rice and wheat in Liaoning Province was about 132.00×108 m3. The overall trend was fluctuating and rising, among which the green water footprint occupied a dominant position. The proportion and total water footprint of the same grain crop were obviously different in different cities, being the highest in Shenyang and the lowest in Benxi. (2) According to the characteristics of annual variation, the production water footprint of maize and rice showed a steady upward trend, while that of wheat showed a trend of inverted “U” shape. In terms of water footprint structure, the proportion of green water footprint was higher than that of blue water footprint and grey water footprint. (3) From the evolution characteristics of spatial pattern, as a whole, the water footprint of main grain crops was higher in the north than in the south, and higher in the south than in the middle, showing a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest. Therefore, the rational layout of crop planting structure can effectively improve water use efficiency and the situation of water pollution. The rational use of green water resources is the key for sustainable use of water resources.

Key words: mechanically harvested cotton, water and nitrogen regulation, seed cotton yield, fiber quality, water use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity.