长江口盐沼湿地不同亚生境的大型底栖动物群落组成和多样性差异

生态学杂志

长江口盐沼湿地不同亚生境的大型底栖动物群落组成和多样性差异

张衡^1,2,张瑛瑛^1,2,刁山洲³,叶锦玉^1,2,徐博¹,冯春雷¹,戴阳^1*

(¹中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室，上海 200090；²上海海洋大学海洋学院，上海 201306； ³上海大学计算机工程与科学学院，上海 200444)

出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10

Difference of macrobenthos community composition and diversity in different sub-habitats in salt marsh wetland of the Yangtze River Estuary.

ZHANG Heng^1,2, ZHANG Ying-ying^1,2, DIAO Shan-zhou³, YE Jin-yu^1,2, XU Bo¹, FENG Chun-lei¹, DAI yang^1*

(¹Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; ²College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; ³School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China).

Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2015年7月—2016年6月每月在长江口盐沼湿地采集潮沟、光滩和盐沼（以海三棱藨草为主）三种亚生境的大型底栖动物样本，分析其群落组成和多样性差异。结果表明：共采集到大型底栖动物21种，隶属4门、5纲、15科，以软甲纲（7种）和多毛纲（4种）种类较多；潮沟和盐沼亚生境的优势种无差异；盐沼底栖动物物种数最高，潮沟次之，光滩物种数最低；盐沼底栖动物的密度和生物量均高于其他2种亚生境；三种亚生境的大型底栖动物密度两两间差异显著（P<0.05），而生物量无显著差异（P>0.05）；盐沼底栖动物群落的Shannon多样性指数最高（1.08），光滩次之（1.03），而潮沟最低（0.63）；光滩底栖动物群落的Simpson物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数值均高于潮沟和盐沼，反映光滩底栖动物群落种类密度的分布相比其他2种亚生境较为均匀；通过群落聚类和非度量多维标度分析发现，盐沼和潮沟亚生境的大型底栖动物群落结构较为相似，而与光滩差异较大，引起两者差异的主要贡献种是谭氏泥蟹、河蚬、背蚓虫等。

关键词: 克氏针茅草原, 生活型功能群, 叶片性状, 放牧梯度

Abstract: From July 2015 to June 2016, macrobenthos samples from three sub-habitats, including tidal creek, bare beach, and salt marsh, were collected monthly in the salt marsh wetland in the Yangtze Estuary to analyze community composition and diversity. The results showed that 21 species of macrobenthos were recorded, belonging to four phyla, five classes and 15 families. Among them, seven species were from Malacostraca and four species from Polychaeta. There was no difference in dominant species between the tidal creek and salt marsh subhabitats. The richness of macrobenthos species was the highest in salt marsh, followed by the tidal creek and lowest in the bare beach. The density and biomass of macrobenthos in the salt marsh were higher than those in other subhabitats. The density of macrobenthos differed significantly among the three sub-habitats (P<0.05), but without difference in biomass among sub-habitats (P>0.05). The Shannon diversity index of macrobenthic community in the salt marsh was the highest (1.08), followed by the bare beach (1.03), and the lowest in the tidal ditch (0.63). Simpson species richness index and Pielou species evenness index were higher in the bare beach than those of the tidal creek and salt marsh, indicating that the species distribution of benthic communities in the bare beach was more even than in other sub-habitats. Results from community clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that macrobenthos community structure in the salt marsh and tidal creek sub-habitats were similar, but differed from that in the bare beach. The main contributors to such differences were Ilyoplax deschampsi, Corbicula fluminea,andNotomastus latericeus.

Key words: leaf trait, grazing gradient, Stipa krylovii steppe., life-form functional group

张衡,张瑛瑛,刁山洲,叶锦玉,徐博,冯春雷,戴阳. 长江口盐沼湿地不同亚生境的大型底栖动物群落组成和多样性差异[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHANG Heng, ZHANG Ying-ying, DIAO Shan-zhou, YE Jin-yu, XU Bo, FENG Chun-lei, DAI yang. Difference of macrobenthos community composition and diversity in different sub-habitats in salt marsh wetland of the Yangtze River Estuary.[J]. cje.

[1]	孔佑莎, 许洪扬, 黄鑫浩, 朱凡. Pb胁迫下大叶女贞叶片性状与光合效率的关系 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(10): 1881-1886.
[2]	杨永, 黄玥, 卫伟. 西北旱区典型灌草叶片性状沿气候梯度的变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(12): 3769-3777.
[3]	张腾驹,陈小红,康喜坤,刘静. 四川省珙桐天然种群叶表型多样性 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(1): 35-43.
[4]	武燕,尹建军*,李善家. 黑河下游荒漠植物黑果枸杞叶片性状特征及其盐分响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(5): 1277-1284.
[5]	徐志超1，宋彦涛1，乌云娜1*，霍光伟1，王晓朦1，道日娜1,2. 放牧影响下克氏针茅草原不同物候期土壤酶活性与微生物生物量的变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(8): 2022-2028.
[6]	秦洁1，韩国栋1*，乔江1,2，武倩1. 内蒙古不同草地类型针茅属植物对放牧强度和气候因子的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(8): 2066-2073.
[7]	蒋艾平,姜景民,刘军*. 檫木叶片性状沿海拔梯度的响应特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(6): 1467-1474.
[8]	徐文轩1,连仲民1,2,徐婷3,杨维康1*,吴珂1,2,David . 新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠草地水源圈植物群落退化格局 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1): 104-110.
[9]	高景1,2,徐波1,2,王金牛1,3,周海燕4,王彦星1,2,吴彦1. 南方灌草丛典型灌木不同叶片性状的相关性及其对不同光环境的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(9): 2424-2431.
[10]	武荣盛1,孙小龙1,顾润源2,3**,乌兰巴特尔1,马耀明4. 内蒙古克氏针茅草原生态系统碳通量数据质量评价及日和季节变化特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(11): 2880-2888.
[11]	霍光伟,乌云娜,雒文涛,吕建洲. 围栏封育和自由放牧对克氏针茅草原植被空间异质性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(01): 66-73.
[12]	雒文涛,乌云娜,张凤杰,霍光伟,吕建洲. 不同放牧强度下克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）草原的根系特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2692-2699.
[13]	范国艳,张静妮,张永生,李刚,王琦,杨殿林. 放牧对贝加尔针茅草原植被根系分布和土壤理化特征的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2010, 29(09): 1715-1721.