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江淮地区不同水旱轮作模式的资源利用效率与经济效益比较

孟宇辉1,金文俊1,董召荣1,温永康1,梁飞1,丁凤磊1,吴小文2,宋贺1*
  

  1. (1安徽农业大学农学院, 农业部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点试验室, 合肥 230036;2合肥市庐江县农业技术推广中心, 合肥 231500)
  • 出版日期:2019-11-10 发布日期:2019-11-10

Comparison of resource utilization efficiency and economic benefit of different paddyupland rotation systems in Jianghuai region.

MENG Yu-hui1, JIN Wen-jun1, DONG Zhao-rong1, WEN Yong-kang1, LIANG Fei1, DING Feng-lei1, WU Xiao-wen2, SONG He1*   


  1. (1College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230036, China; 2Lujiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Hefei 231500, China).
  • Online:2019-11-10 Published:2019-11-10

摘要: 江淮地区是中国主要的二熟制耕作区,水旱轮作是该区典型种植模式。本研究依托安徽庐江国家现代农业示范区试验基地,设置小麦-水稻、油菜-水稻和休闲-水稻3种种植模式,比较了2016—2018年不同模式作物周年产量、积温利用率、氮磷钾养分利用率和经济效益。结果表明:麦稻模式周年平均产量比油稻模式和休闲-水稻模式分别高4018和5767 kg·hm-2;三种模式水稻季产量差异不显著,差异主要来自冬季作物,小麦平均产量是油菜的3倍以上;在经济效益上,麦稻模式的净收益最高,平均净收益比油稻模式和休闲-水稻模式分别高6246和5182元·hm-2,增幅分别为59.69%和44.95%;受气候、病害影响,油稻模式年季间收益相差较大;在积温利用上,油稻模式的积温利用效率最高,比麦稻模式和休闲-水稻模式分别高9.98%和39.33%;在养分利用方面,麦稻模式的养分利用效率最低,其氮磷钾的两年平均养分平衡指数均显著高于其他两种模式,休闲-水稻模式的氮素利用率最高,油稻模式的磷钾利用率最高。综上,在经济效益方面,油稻模式显著低于麦稻模式,但油稻模式的有效积温利用率高,环境风险小。提高油菜机械化生产水平是促进油稻模式发展的关键所在。此外,冬季闲田光热浪费严重,亟待筛选出适应力强、环境友好的冬季填闲作物。

关键词: 宽带植被指数, 太阳高度角, 近地遥感, 叶面积指数, 晴空指数

Abstract: Jianghuai region is the main doublecropping area in China, where the paddyupland rotation is a typical cultivation pattern. We conducted an experiment with three cropping systems: wheatrice (WR), rapeseedrice (RR) and fallowrice (FR) in the Anhui Lujiang National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone. The annual crop yield, accumulated temperature utilization rate, economic benefit and utilization efficiency for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) under different systems were compared from 2016 to 2018. The results showed that mean annual yield of WR was 4018 and 5767 kg·hm-2 higher than that of RR and FR, respectively. There was no significant difference in summer crops (rice) among the three systems. The difference in annual yield  mainly resulted from the difference of winter crop yield. The average yield of wheat was three times more than that of rapeseed. In terms of economic benefits, net income of WR was the highest. The average net income of WR was 6246 and 5182 yuan·hm-2 higher than that of RR and FR, with 59.69% and 44.95% of enhancement, respectively. Due to climate variability and disease, the interannual fluctuation of income of the RR was substantial. Compared with WR and FR, the utilization rate of accumulated temperature of the RR was increased by 9.98% and 39.33%, respectively. The nutrient utilization rate of WR was the lowest, as the two-year average nutrient balance index of N, P and K of WR was significantly higher than the other two systems. The FR had the highest N utilization rate, and the RR had the highest P and K utilization rate. In summary, the economic benefit of RR was significantly lower than WR. The RR had higher utilization rate of accumulated temperature and lower environmental risk. To promote the development of RR, it is necessary to improve the level of mechanized production of RR. Furthermore, the waste of light and heat in winter fallow pattern is serious and thus it is urgent to screen out the adaptable and ecofriendly crops for winter fallows.

Key words: broadband vegetation index, clearness index, leaf area index,