贵州省丹寨县某铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价

生态学杂志

贵州省丹寨县某铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价

高月¹,孙荣国^1,2*,叶彩¹,刘朝淑¹,代光倩¹,范丽¹

（¹贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院，贵阳 550025；²中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室，贵阳 550081）

出版日期:2020-03-10 发布日期:2020-03-10

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil of a lead-zinc mine area in Danzhai County, Guizhou Province, China.

GAO Yue¹, SUN Rong-guo^1,2*, YE Cai¹, LIU Chao-shu¹, DAI Guang-qian¹, FAN Li¹

(¹School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025; ²State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China).

Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对贵州省丹寨县某铅锌矿及周边土壤重金属污染进行调查，分析了铅锌矿区土壤中6种重金属的总量和形态，用潜在生态指数法、次生相与原生相比值法对重金属的生态风险进行评价。结果表明，0～10 cm土壤中Pb、Zn、Mn、Cu、Hg和Cd含量是贵州土壤背景值的5.69、3.91、0.80、0.58、9.64和1.50倍。与《土壤环境质量农田用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 15168—2018）相比，尾矿堆积区土壤中Pb、Zn和Cd含量均高于风险筛选值；10～20 cm土壤中Pb、Zn、Hg和Cd含量高于贵州省土壤重金属背景值，尾矿堆积区、尾矿堆积区的农田和尾矿附近河流区下游土壤中Zn和Cd含量超过风险筛选值。形态分布主要以残渣态为主，可交换态以ExcPb占比最高（20.9%）；碳酸盐结合态以CARBZn占比最高（26.2%）；铁锰氧化物结合态以REDMn占比最高（31.8%）；有机结合态以OMMn占比最高（48.7%）。生物可利用态表现为Zn>Pb>Hg>Cd>Cu>Mn，潜在生物可利用态表现为Mn>Pb>Cd>Hg>Zn>Cu。潜在生态指数评价表明，尾矿堆积区的农田、尾矿堆积区下游村寨和尾矿附近河流区下游的单项潜在生态风险处于高生态风险等级，Hg对潜在生态危害指数的贡献率达60.9%；次生相与原生相比值法评价显示，土壤中Mn和Cd的生态风险最大。

Abstract: The ecological risks of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Hg, and Cd) in soil wereevaluated in a lead-zinc mine area located in Danzhai County, Guizhou Province, China. We analyzed concentrations and chemical species of heavy metals and assessed ecological risk using potential ecological risk index (RI) and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase. The results showed that concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Hg, and Cd in 0-10 cm soil layer were 5.69,3.91, 0.80, 0.58, 9.64 and 1.50 times higher than background values of Guizhou Province, respectively. Compared with the risk screening values of heavy metals in Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agriculture Land in China (GB 15168-2018), concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd were high in the tailings accumulation area. For 10-20 cm soil layer, concentrations of Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cd were higher than the background values of Guizhou Province. The concentrations of Zn and Cd exceeded the risk screening value of heavy metals in the tailings accumulation area, the cropland in the tailings accumulation area, and the downstream of the river near the tailings. Residual fraction was the predominant species for all heavy metals. Exc-Pb(20.9%), CARB-Zn (26.2%), RED-Mn (31.8%) and OM-Mn (48.7%) accounted for the highest proportion in the exchangeable fraction, carbonate bound fraction, iron-manganese bound fraction and oxide bound fraction, respectively. The bioavailability of heavy metals was characterized by the order of Zn>Pb>Hg>Cd>Cu>Mn. The potential bioavailability heavy metals was characterized by the order of Mn>Pb>Cd>Hg>Zn>Cu. Results of potential ecological index assessment showed that there were high ecological risk in the cropland in tailings accumulation area, village of downstream of the tailings accumulation area and the downstream of the river near the tailings. Contribution rate of Hg to the potential ecological hazard index was 60.9%. Soil Mn and Cd had the greatest ecological risk as indicated by the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase.

高月,孙荣国,叶彩,刘朝淑,代光倩,范丽. 贵州省丹寨县某铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价[J]. 生态学杂志.

GAO Yue, SUN Rong-guo, YE Cai, LIU Chao-shu, DAI Guang-qian, FAN Li. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil of a lead-zinc mine area in Danzhai County, Guizhou Province, China.[J]. cje.