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多年冻土退化地区湿地土壤温室气体排放及其影响因子

徐丽1,李成旭1,2*,张军辉2,冯月2,张蕾2,韩士杰2,3   

  1. 1沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院, 沈阳 110168; 2中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 3河南大学生命科学学院, 河南开封 475004)
  • 发布日期:2020-05-10

Greenhouse gas emission of wetland soils and its influencing factors in permafrost degradation area.

XU Li1, LI Cheng-xu1,2*, ZHANG Jun-hui2, FENG Yue2, ZHANG Lei2, HAN Shi-jie2,3   

  1. (1College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; 2Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 3School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China).
  • Published:2020-05-10

摘要: 采用野外原位实验静态箱气相色谱法,研究了兴安岭多年冻土不同程度退化地区生长季湿地土壤温室气体CH4、CO2和N2O的排放通量特征,同时分析了环境因子对土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:1)3种类型冻土区(季节性冻土区、岛状多年冻土区、连续多年冻土区,分别用D1、D2、D3表示)土壤在生长季时期表现为CO2和N2O的源;D1和D3为CH4的源,D2为CH4的汇。D1、D2、D3土壤在生长季中平均CH4排放通量分别为(0.127±0.021)、(-0.020±0.006)、(0.082±0.019) mg·m-2·h-1;CO2排放通量分别为(371.50±66.73)、(318.43±55.67)、(213.19±37.05) mg·m-2·h-1;N2O排放通量分别为(24.05±2.62)、(8.07±2.42)、(2.17±0.25) μg·m-2·h-1。土壤CO2和N2O排放通量随多年冻土退化程度的加剧呈现出升高的趋势。2)细根生物量、凋落物生物量、全碳、全氮、可溶性有机碳、总可溶性氮、土壤容重、土壤温度、土壤含水量等均影响温室气体排放,3种不同类型冻土区土壤CH4、CO2和N2O的排放差异是诸多影响因子综合作用的结果。

关键词: 热红外成像仪, 多光谱成像仪, 高光谱成像仪, 激光雷达, 低空遥感, 无人机生态学

Abstract: We measured the emission fluxes of greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, and N2O) during the growing season from wetland soils of differently degrading permafrost (seasonally frozen soil, perennially discontinuously frozen soil and continuous permafrost, represented by D1, D2 and D3, respectively) around Xing’an Mountains by insitu static chambergas chromatography method. The effects of environmental factors on greenhouse gas emission were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) During the growing season, the wetland soils of all the three frozensoil regions were sources of CO2 and N2O, the soils in D1 and D3 were the sources of CH4, while soil in D2 was CH4 sink. The average fluxes of CH4 during the growing season in the three frozen soils were (0.127±0.021), (-0.020±0.006) and (0.082±0.019) mg·m-2·h-1, respectively. The average CO2 fluxes were (371.50±66.73), (318.43±55.67) and (213.19±37.05) mg·m-2·h-1, respectively. The average N2O fluxes were (24.05±2.62), (8.07±2.42) and (2.17±0.25) μg·m-2·h-1, respectively. The emissi〖HJ*3〗on fluxes of CO2 and N2O increased with the degradation of permafrost. (2) Fine root biomass, litter biomass, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, dissolved organic carbon content, total dissolved nitrogen content, soil bulk density, soil temperature and soil moisture were the factors driving greenhouse gas emission. Variations in emission fluxes of CH4, CO2 and N2O were the results of the interactions among different factors in the three frozen soil regions.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicles ecology, LiDAR., hyperspectral imager, thermal infrared imager, multispectral imager, low-altitude remote sensing