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淹水和盐胁迫对湿地植物菰生长的影响

陈方圆1,2,古勇波1,3,4,白江珊1,2,娄彦景1*   

  1. (1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室/长白山湿地与生态吉林省联合重点实验室, 长春 130102; 2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3东北师范大学环境学院, 国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 长春 130117; 4 自贡市沿滩生态环境局, 四川自贡 643030
  • 发布日期:2020-05-10

Effects of flooding and salt stress on the growth of Zizania latifolia.

CHEN Fang-yuan1,2, GU Yong-bo1,3,4, BAI Jiang-shan1,2, LOU Yan-jing1*   

  1. (1Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment/Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Wetland and Ecology, Changchun 130102, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Northeast Normal University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Changchun 130117, China; 4Zigong Yantan Ecology and Environmental Bureau, Zigong 643030, Sichuan, China).
  • Published:2020-05-10

摘要: 气候变化不断加剧盐碱湿地的水盐胁迫,进而加速盐碱湿地植被的退化。本研究以莫莫格自然保护区的菰(Zizania latifolia)为实验材料,利用温室控制开展了淹水与盐度的双因素交互盆栽实验,设置4个淹水深度(5、15、30和60 cm)和4个盐度(0、15、50和100 mmol·L-1),探究菰对于淹水和盐胁迫的耐受程度及适应策略,为松嫩平原西部盐碱湿地的保护与恢复提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)淹水显著影响了菰的生长和生物量分配(P<0.05),随着淹水深度的增加,菰的株高和地上生物量增大,而根茎长、根长、总生物量、地下生物量及根冠比均显著减小,叶面积则先增加后减小;(2)盐度影响了除根冠比外的其他所有指标,随着盐度的增加,菰的株高、叶面积、根茎长、根长、总生物量及地上、地下生物量均受到抑制(P<0.05);(3)淹水深度和盐胁迫具有一定的协同效应,二者的交互作用对株高和地上、地下生物量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。总体来看,菰在实验设定的60 cm淹水深度及100 mmol·L-1盐度下均可以生存,不同胁迫条件下其生长情况表现出明显差异。可见,菰对淹水具有很强的耐受性,可以通过地上部分的伸长和地上生物量分配的增加来抵抗淹水的胁迫;而对盐度的耐受性则较弱,在盐胁迫下其形态发育和物质积累均受到明显的抑制。

关键词: 固定化, 二氯喹啉酸, 生物修复, 玉米芯、竹炭及油枯复合载体

Abstract: In Songnen Plain of northern China, salt marsh has been threatened by increasing flooding and soil salinity-alkalinity since the late 20th century. To explore how plants respond to such environmental changes, we examined the effect of flooding stress and saline stress on growth of Zizania latifolia under greenhouse conditions. We conducted a pot experiment with four water depths (5, 15, 30, and 60 cm) and four salinity levels (0, 15, 50, and 100 mmol·L-1) and explored the tolerance and adaptive strategies of Z. latifolia, aiming to provide a reference for the protection and restoration of saline-alkali wetlands in this region. The results showed that: (1) Flooding had a significant effect on the growth and biomass allocation of Z. latifolia(P<0.05). As the water depth increased, plant height and aboveground biomass increased, while rhizome length, root length, total biomass, underground biomass and root-shoot ratio significantlydecreased. Leaf area showed a downward trend after a rise. (2) Salinity had significant effects on all the examined traits except root-shoot ratio. Plant height, leaf area, rhizome length, root length, total biomass, aboveground and underground biomass of Z. latifolia significantly decreased with increasing salinity (P<0.05). (3) Water depth and salinity significantly interacted in their effects on plant height, aboveground and underground biomass (P<0.05). In general, Z. latifolia survived in 60 cm water depth and 100 mmol·L-1 salinity. However, the growth of Z. latifolia varied among different stress conditions. We concluded that Z. latifolia is highly tolerant to flooding and can resist flooding stress through elongating shoot and allocating more biomass to aboveground, while it shows poor tolerance to salt stress, which has negative effects on its morphological development and biomass accumulation.

Key words: quinclorac, bioremediation., corncob, bamboo charcoal and canola meal carrier, immobilization