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滇南红河地区现代花粉雨特征及其与气候因子的关系

李希进,蒙红卫*,孙启发,张国富,黄林培,沈才明   

  1. (云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室, 云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院, 昆明 650500)
  • 发布日期:2020-06-10

Characteristics of modern pollen rain and its relationship to climatic factors in the Honghe region of southern Yunnan.

LI Xi-jin, MENG Hong-wei*, SUN Qi-fa, ZHANG Guo-fu, HUANG Lin-pei, SHEN Cai-ming   

  1. (Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes, School of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China).
  • Published:2020-06-10

摘要: 我国低纬度热带亚热带地区现代花粉雨与气候关系的研究相对缺乏。本研究以滇南红河地区43个水体(湖泊、水库和池塘)的表层沉积物为对象,探讨研究区现代花粉雨与气候因子之间的关系。花粉分析结果表明,木本植物花粉含量高,占优势的是松属、桤木属和壳斗科;次为草本植物,主要为禾本科、菊科和莎草科;花粉谱中蕨类孢子以三缝孢为主,藻类的盘星藻也常见。同时,通过红河地区13个气象观测站1961—2010年月观测数据的线性插值,获得了各水体的现代气候数据(温度包括1月均温、7月均温、春、夏、秋、冬季均温,以及雨季、旱季和年均温;降水包括春、夏、秋和冬季降水量,雨季、旱季和年降水量),并对现代花粉和气候数据进行冗余分析,以揭示影响研究区现代花粉雨的气候因子。冗余分析结果表明,春季、旱季和年降水量及7月、雨季和年均温是控制滇南红河地区现代花粉雨的主要气候因子,温度的增加导致常绿阔叶林占优势,降水减少导致松林占主导。本研究结果能够为滇南红河地区利用化石花粉记录的古气候定量重建提供重要的理论支持。

关键词: 表面加热效应, Burba校正, 开路红外气体分析仪, 光路温度, 细丝热电偶

Abstract: Few studies are available on the relationship between modern pollen rain and climatic factors in the tropical and subtropical regions of low latitude in China. In this study, surface sediments of 43 water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, and ponds) were analyzed to explore the characteristics of modern pollen rain and its relationship to climatic factors in the Honghe region of southern Yunnan. Pollen analysis of surface sediments showed that pollen spectra of surface sediments from water bodies were characterized by abundant pollen and high arboreal pollen percentages. Arboreal pollen were dominated by Pinus, Alnus, and Fagaceae, while herbaceous pollen mainly included Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Cyperaceae. Pollen spectra also contained some fern spores (such as triletes) and algae (such as Pediastrum). Meanwhile, modern meteorological data of these water bodies were obtained by linear interpolation of 1961 to 2010 (50-year) from 13 meteorological stations in the Honghe region of southern Yunnan. Redundant analysis of modern pollen and climate data was used to examine the effects of climate factors on the spatial pattern of modern pollen rain. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the six climatic factors controlling modern pollen rain are mean annual precipitation and temperature, precipitation in spring and dry season, and temperature in July and rainy season. An increase in temperature resulted in vegetation dominated by evergreen broadleaved forest, and a decrease in precipitation caused an expansion of pine forest. Our results provide theoretical support for paleoclimate reconstruction using fossil pollen record.

Key words: open-path infrared gas analyzer, surface heating effect, Burba correction., optical path temperature, fine-wire thermocouple