欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区越冬水鸟监测

植毅进1,伊剑锋2,刘威2,龚浩林1,邵明勤1*,戴年华3,李权江1,杨福成1   

  1. (1江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022; 2生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042;3江西省科学院生物资源研究所, 南昌 330108)
  • 出版日期:2020-07-10 发布日期:2021-01-09

Monitoring of wintering waterbirds in the Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake.

ZHI Yi-jin1, YI Jian-feng2, LIU Wei2, GONG Hao-lin1, SHAO Ming-qin1*, DAI Nian-hua3, LI Quan-jiang1, YANG Fu-cheng1   

  1. (1College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; 2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing 210042, China; 3Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330108, China).
  • Online:2020-07-10 Published:2021-01-09

摘要: 2013—2018年,每年12月20日—翌年1月10日采用样区直数法对鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区13个样区的水鸟多样性进行1次监测。结果表明:共记录水鸟7目12科45种129633只,每年总数量在11604~33053只;其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类有白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana),国家II级保护鸟类5种。本次共记录优势种9种,以雁鸭类和鹬科鸟类为主;2013—2014年和2017—2018年优势种种类较多,2015—2016年每年优势种只有2种;大部分水鸟类群的数量变化趋势类似,提示合适的水位可为多种水鸟生态类群提供适宜的湿地复合体;类数量高峰期正好是大部分水鸟数量较低或低谷期,提示水位对水鸟多样性的维持极其重要;不同样区的水鸟相似性指数为0.51~0.91;该保护区物种数和个体数总体呈上升趋势,这与绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)、红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)、反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)等在2016—2018年数量和遇见率较高有关;多样性和均匀度指数在2015—2016年明显下降,这与鸿雁(Anser cygnoid)或反嘴鹬占绝对优势有关;该地区鸟类资源丰富,东方白鹳和白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)种群数量大而稳定,鹤类几乎每年都有记录;南矶湿地保护区在鄱阳湖水鸟多样性维持和濒危水鸟特别是东方白鹳的保护上发挥着重要作用。本次监测持续年限较长,初步掌握了湖区优势鸟类及国家重点保护鸟类的种群动态规律,为该保护区的水鸟保护和栖息地管理提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 树木生长, 生长环, 初始径级, 土壤, 邻体树木竞争, 地形

Abstract: Waterbird diversity was monitored annually using direct count method in 13 sampling sites of Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake during the period of December 20 to January 10 from 2013 to 2018. A total of 129633 individuals of waterbirds belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 45 species were recorded, with 11604 to 33053 individuals each year. Within all the recorded species, Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus), Hooded crane (Grus monacha), and Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) are listed in the first category of China’s〖JP〗 nationally protected bird species, while five other species are listed in the second category. A total of nine dominant species were recorded in this reserve, with Anatidae and Scolopacidae being the most abundant. More dominant species were recorded from 2013 to 2014 and 2017 to 2018. In contrast, only two dominant species were recorded from 2015 to 2016. Our results showed many waterbird groups were similar in abundance variation, indicating that appropriate water level can provide suitable wetland complex for various waterbird groups. The peak abundance of Podicipedidae occurred in correspondence with the low abundance of most waterbird groups, indicating that water level had significance in maintaining waterbird diversity. The similarity index of waterbird species among different sampling sites ranged from 0.51 to 0.91. Species richness and abundance increased during monitoring period due to the increased population size and encountering rate of Green winged teal (Anas crecca), Common pochard (Aythya ferina), and Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) during 2016 and 2018. The diversity index and evenness index reduced from 2015 to 2016 because Swan goose (Anser cygnoid) or Pied avocet were absolutely dominated in the community. This reserve is rich in waterbird diversity. Oriental white stork and White spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) had large and stable population size. Cranes could almost be detected each year. This reserve played an important role in the maintenance of bird diversity and endangered waterbird conservation especially for Oriental white stork. The duration of this monitoring work was long, which preliminarily documents the patterns of population dynamics of dominant and nationally protected waterbirds and thus provides important scientific basis for waterbird conservation and habitat management in this reserve.

Key words: tree growth, dendrometer, initial size, topography., neighborhood competition, soil