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白头硬尾鸭行为时间分配及日活动节律

赵序茅1,2,马鸣1**,张同1,张建波3   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3新疆艺术学院, 乌鲁木齐 830011)
  • 出版日期:2013-09-10 发布日期:2013-09-10

Behavioral time budget and diurnal rhythm of white-headed duck in Northwest China.

ZHAO Xu-mao1,2, MA Ming1**, ZHANG Tong1, ZHANG Jian-bo3   

  1. (1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011,  China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Xinjiang Arts University, Urumqi 830011,  China)
  • Online:2013-09-10 Published:2013-09-10

摘要:

2012年7—11月,采用焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法对乌鲁木齐近郊水域白头硬尾鸭(Oxyura leucocephala)进行实地观察。制成白头硬尾鸭行为谱,将行为分为休息、警戒、驱赶、修饰、取食、游泳、飞行、炫耀、护幼、自慰、其他等并将部分行为画成模式图。在行为时间分配上,白头硬尾鸭主要时间用于取食(48.90%),其后是休息(23.32%)、修饰(12.85%)、运动(9.48%)、其他(4.32%)、警戒(2.13%)。取食行为在7:00—9:00和18:00—19:00时有明显的峰值,14:00—16:00时出现低谷,其他时段取食频次无显著性差异(P>0.05);休息的峰值出现在11:00—14:00时,修饰行为在9:00—11:00和15:00—16:00时达到峰值,其他行为无明显的节律性变化。在取食过程中,成鸟潜水时长、间隔与雏鸟存在显著性差异(P<0.01;P<0.05)。各行为相关分析表明,休息行为、取食行为与运动行为呈显著负相关(R=-0.709,P<0.01;R=-0.725,P<0.01);取食行为与运动行为呈显著正相关(R=0.95,P<0.01),其他行为之间无显著相关性。
 

关键词: 土壤氮, 土壤酶活性, 控释掺混尿素

Abstract: From July to October 2012, an investigation was conducted on the behaviors of whiteheaded duck (Oxyura leucocephala) in the Baihu Lake of Urumqi, Xinjiang Province of Northwest China. The main behaviors of the duck included alert, resting, swimming, flying, foraging, displaying, caring, maintenance, driving, masturbation, and others. The time that the ducks spent on different types of behaviors was in the order of foraging (48.90%), resting (23.32%), maintenance (12.85%), locomotion (9.48%), others (4.32%), and alert (2.13%). Among these behaviors, an obvious rhythm was observed in foraging, resting, and maintenance. The foraging behavior peaked at 7:00-9:00 AM and 18:00-19:00 PM, was the lowest at 14:00-16:00 PM, and had no significant difference in the other time sections; the resting behavior peaked at 11:00 AM-14:00 PM; and the maintenance behavior peaked at 9:00-10:00 AM and 15:00-16:00 PM. During foraging, there existed significant differences in the duration and interval of diving (P<0.01,P<0.05) between chicks and parents. The time that the ducks spent on resting was negatively correlated with the time spent on foraging and locomotion (R=-0.709, P<0.01; R=-0.725, P<0.01), but the time spent on locomotion was positively correlated with that spent on foraging (R=0.95, P<0.01). No significant relationships were observed among the other behaviors.

Key words: soil enzyme activity., controlled release blend bulk urea, soil nitrogen