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北桑寄生种群的分布格局及其寄生特性

刘鹏,王孝安**,郭华,欧阳浩楠,张亮,张亚娟   

  1. (陕西师范大学生命科学学院, 西安 710062)
  • 出版日期:2014-02-10 发布日期:2014-02-10

Population distribution patterns and parasitic characteristics of Loranthus tanakae.

LIU Peng, WANG Xiao-an**, GUO Hua, OU YANG Hao-nan, ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Ya-juan   

  1. (College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China)
  • Online:2014-02-10 Published:2014-02-10

摘要:

北桑寄生(Loranthus tanakae)是桑寄生科桑寄生属的落叶灌木,多以壳斗科植物为寄主。辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)是黄土高原主要的优势种和建群种,也是北桑寄生的主要寄主植物。本研究调查了寄主植物辽东栎和寄生植物北桑寄生的生长状况、北桑寄生和辽东栎的空间分布格局、北桑寄生的寄生行为偏好。结果显示:(1)在调查的851株辽东栎个体中有358株(占总辽东栎个体的42.1%)被感染,共调查1112个北桑寄生个体,每株辽东栎上感染的北桑寄生个数范围为1~20个。(2)辽东栎在0~60 m尺度上呈聚集分布,在≥60 m尺度上呈随机分布;北桑寄生在0~100 m尺度上均呈聚集分布。(3)有964个北桑寄生个体生长在辽东栎上端1/2高度内,北桑寄生吸根周长大小与其寄主枝的周长呈极显著正相关(r=0.713,P<0.01)。较高和较大的辽东栎个体更容易被感染,北桑寄生倾向于寄生在寄主辽东栎个体更高的位置上。
 

关键词: 根序, 根形态, 根化学, 氮沉降, 扁刺栲

Abstract:

Loranthus tanakae is a deciduous shrub within the family Loranthaceae, and mostly parasitizes plants within the family Fagaceae. This study aimed to investigate the population growth and spatial distribution patterns of L. tanakae and its major host plant Quercus wutaishanica, and the parasitic behavior of L. tanakae in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that 42.1% (i.e. 358/851) of the sampled individuals of Q. wutaishanica were parasitized, with the number of parasites (L. tanakae) per host plant ranging from 1 to 20. Q. wutaishanica displayed a clumped pattern of spatial distribution at the scale of 0-60 m and a random pattern at the scale of ≥60 m, while L. tanakae showed a clumped pattern of spatial distribution at the scale of 0-100 m. 85.1% (i.e. 964/1112) of parasitic L. tanakae were observed within the 1/2 topheight of Q. wutaishanica, and the haustorium size of the hemiparasite was significantly associated with the circumference of the infested branch (r=0.713, P<0.01). Individuals of Q. wutaishanica with greater height and larger crowns were found to be more susceptible to the infection, and L. tanakae tended to parasitize the upper portions of the host plants.
 

Key words: Castanopsis platyacantha., root branch order, root morphology, root chemistry, nitrogen deposition