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天津市土地利用生态风险评价

肖琳,田光进**   

  1. (水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875)
  • 出版日期:2014-02-10 发布日期:2014-02-10

Eco-risk assessment of land use in Tianjin City.

XIAO Lin, TIAN Guang-jin**   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
  • Online:2014-02-10 Published:2014-02-10

摘要: 基于1990—2005年天津市土地利用动态变化,在景观尺度构造土地利用生态风险指数,借助空间统计学方法和弹性理论,分析天津市土地利用生态风险及其对土地利用变化响应的时空分异特征。结果表明:土地利用结构与数量变化复杂,耕地、水域向建设用地转换是主要土地利用变化形式,突出表现为耕地锐减与建设用地大幅扩展;土地利用生态风险时空分异显著,伴随建设用地扩张,高生态风险区增加、低生态风险区缩小,2005年各级生态风险区面积趋于一致;生态风险等级市区高、郊区低,总体呈圈层状布局,远郊蓟县北部和东部海岸带土地利用生态风险强度明显低于其他地区;不同土地利用相互转化与合并造成生态风险指数空间相关距离增加,土地利用生态风险空间正相关性显著,整体空间分异与局部空间差异均扩大;生态风险对土地利用变化的响应弹性具有时空差异,蓟县和宝坻区具有最大正响应弹性,内城区和汉沽区最低;土地利用生态风险增强的同时其对土地利用变化的响应弹性却呈现逆向发展,土地利用生态风险影响因子更加多元化。

关键词: Radarsat, 面向对象, QuickBird, 合成孔径雷达, 支持向量机

Abstract: This paper formulated land use eco-risk index at the landscape scale based on Tianjin’s land use dynamics from 1990 to 2005, then analyzed spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of Tianjin’s land use eco-risk and its response to land use change by means of spatial statistics method and elasticity theory. The results indicated that changes in land use structure and quantity were complex. Transitions from both cropland and water to construction land were the main forms of land use change, as is prominently shown by the slump in cropland and surge in construction land. Land use eco-risk exhibited significant spatiotemporal variations. With great expansion of construction land, high ecorisk areas rose while low eco-risk areas decreased. Eco-risk areas at five levels had tended to be consistent by 2005. The eco-risk level was higher in downtown while lower in suburb regions, appearing as a ring-laminar layout on the whole. The land use eco-risk intensity in northern Jixian County and the eastern coastal zone was notably lower than the other regions. The transformation and mergence of different land use types caused the increasing spatial correlation distance of eco-risk index. The spatial correlation of land use eco-risk was significantly positive, besides the fact that its global and local spatial differentiation kept expanding. The response elasticity of eco-risk to land use change varied spatiotemporally, which was most highly positive in both Jixian County and Baodi District while the lowest in both inner city and Hangu District. As the land use ecorisk increased, its response elasticity to land use change showed a reverse development. The factors influencing land use eco-risk became more diversified.

Key words: Radarsat, QuickBird, object-based, synthetic aperture radar, support vector machine.