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盐分对湿地甲烷排放影响的研究进展

冯小平1,2,王义东1**,王博祺3,王中良1,2
  

  1. (1天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室, 天津 300387; 2天津师范大学城市与环境科学学院, 天津 300387;3北京鑫海时代土地规划设计有限公司, 北京 100026)
  • 出版日期:2015-01-10 发布日期:2015-01-10

Effect of salts on methane emission from wetlands: A review.

FENG Xiao-ping1,2, WANG Yi-dong1**, WANG Bo-qi3, WANG Zhong-liang1,2   

  1. (1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 3Beijing Xinhaishidai Land Planning and Design Co., Ltd, Beijing 100026, China)
  • Online:2015-01-10 Published:2015-01-10

摘要:

当前在全球气候变化和人类活动双重作用下,湿地正在或者将要面临着显著的盐分变化形势,尤其是内陆和滨海咸化湿地。湿地是大气甲烷的重要排放源。甲烷排放是甲烷产生、氧化和传输过程综合作用的结果。盐分变化将影响湿地水土环境,降低植物群落初级生产力和有机物积累速率,改变微生物主导的有机物矿化速率和途径等,进而改变湿地生态系统的结构和功能,影响湿地甲烷产生、氧化、传输和排放系列过程。本文综述了盐分(浓度与组成)对湿地甲烷产生与排放的影响结果,从底物供给、微生物(产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌等)数量、活性与群落组成、酶活性、植物、电子受体、pH和氧化还原电位等几个关键方面分析了盐分影响湿地甲烷排放过程的内在机制。在此基础上提出了今后需重点关注的5个方面:1)加强盐分浓度与组成对湿地甲烷产生、氧化、传输与排放影响的系统性、框架性研究;2)深入探讨盐分背景、变化幅度与速率的耦合如何影响湿地甲烷系列过程;3)不同离子组成及其交互效应如何影响湿地甲烷动态过程;4)结合生物学、基因组学及同位素技术等,加强湿地产甲烷菌与甲烷氧化菌与盐分的关系及其响应研究;5)湿地甲烷对盐分变化响应的时空分异规律。

 

关键词: 温室气体通量, 沙区, 沙埋, 生物结皮

Abstract: In the context of global climate change and human activities, wetlands are facing significant salinization or desalinization, especially in saline wetlands in inland and coastal regions. Wetlands are major natural sources of atmospheric methane. Methane emission of wetlands is the result of production, oxidation and transport of methane. Salts are recognized as one of the key factors controlling methane emission from wetlands. Salinity change may greatly influence watersoil chemistry, plant community composition and productivity, organic matter accumulation rate and microbialmediated biogeochemical processes, thus altering the emissions of methane. This paper reviews the progresses of studies on methane production, oxidation, transport and emission in wetlands. This paper also analyzes the mechanisms of how salts affect the processes of substrate supply, microbial (methanogen and methanotrophs) abundance, activities and community composition, plants, enzyme activities, electron acceptors, soil pH and Eh. Accordingly, five directions are proposed to be considered in the future: 1) integrated studies on the effects of salts on biogeochemical processes of methane emission; 2) coupling influences of salinity background, changing magnitude and speed of salinization on methane emission; 3) how different ions and their diverse associations affect the processes of methane emission; 4) evaluating how salinity affects methanogens and methanotrophs by combing traditional methods based on laboratory culture techniques with molecular biological tools and stable isotope probing techniques; and 5) spatiotemporal variations of the responses of methane emission to salts.

Key words: sand burial, greenhouse gases, biocrust, desert