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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

沈阳市降雨径流污染物排放特征

李春林1,2,刘淼1**,胡远满1,布仁仓1,孙凤云1,2,宫继萍1,2,陈探1,2   

  1. (1森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室, 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2014-05-10 发布日期:2014-05-10

Characteristics of pollutants in urban rainfall runoff in Shenyang City.

LI Chun-lin1,2, LIU Miao1**, HU Yuan-man1, BU Ren-cang1, SUN Feng-yun1,2, GONG Ji-ping1,2, CHEN Tan1,2   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2014-05-10 Published:2014-05-10

摘要: 城市降雨径流作为污染物迁移转化的主要驱动力,是城市非点源污染研究的热点和重点。本文以沈阳市典型区域为例,研究了坡顶屋面、平顶屋面和路面3种下垫面降雨径流的总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)和主要重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn)共10种污染物的排放特征。结果表明:污染物的浓度峰值提前于径流峰值;路面径流的污染程度重于屋面径流,TN是屋面径流的主要污染物,TSS、TN、TP、Pb和Cr则是路面径流的主要污染物,TSS超过了国家污水二级排放标准,其余污染物均超过了国家V类地表水标准;径流中TSS与除TN以外的其他8种污染物有较强相关性,氮、磷营养元素与降雨量和雨强大小呈显著正相关,COD则易随着降雨时间的延长而逐渐释放到径流中;与其他国家和城市对比发现,沈阳屋面径流中TSS、TN、TP和COD较少,但却有一定的重金属污染;路面径流中TSS和TP浓度较高,但TN和COD浓度较低,且重金属中Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn的污染较严重。

关键词: 参数优化, FLUXNET, VPM模型, 最大光能利用率

Abstract:

Rainfall runoff, the main driving force of pollutant migration, is the hotspot of urban nonpoint source pollution researches. Shenyang, a typical city of northeast China, was chosen as a case study. Discharge characteristics of ten main pollutants (TSS, TN, TP, COD, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) were analyzed in different underlying surfaces, including slope roof runoff, flat roof runoff and road runoff. The study demonstrated that pollutant concentration peaks were earlier than runoff peaks. The pollution level was more serious in the road runoff than in the roof runoff. TN was the main pollutant in the roof runoff. However, TSS, TN, TP, Pb and Cr were main pollutants of the road runoff. The concentrations of all pollutants exceed the V level of China’s national surface water quality standards. There was a correlation between TSS and other 8 pollutants in the runoff except TN. Nutrition elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) had strong positive correlations with precipitation and rainfall intensity. COD discharged gradually along with the duration of rainfall. Comparing the research with other countries or cities, we found that the pollution of TSS, TN, TP and COD in Shenyang roof runoff was lighter; however, there was heavy metal pollution. The concentrations of TSS, TP and some heavy metal pollutions (Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) in the road runoff were very high, but the TN and COD concentrations were low.
 

Key words: FLUXNET, maximum light use efficiency, parameter optimization., VPM