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黄额闭壳龟(Cuora galbinifrons)巢捕食的模拟

李敏1,汪继超1,刘海伟2,史海涛1**   

  1. 1海南师范大学生命科学学院, 海口 571158; 2海南省吊罗山国家级自然保护区, 海口 571158)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-10 发布日期:2014-06-10

Simulation of Cuora galbinifrons nest predation.

LI Min1, WANG Ji-chao1, LIU Hai-wei2, SHI Hai-tao1**   

  1. (1School of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; 2Diaoluo Nature Reserve of Hainan, Haikou 571158, China)
  • Online:2014-06-10 Published:2014-06-10

摘要: 巢捕食是造成卵生动物繁殖失败的重要因素之一。为了解不同生境中黄额闭壳龟(Cuora galbinifrons)巢捕食者的类型、巢捕食率及对其繁殖成效的影响,我们于2013年3—5月,在海南吊罗山国家级自然保护区黄额闭壳龟栖息地,按照黄额闭壳龟巢址选择特性和巢穴特征,用红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)的卵作为替代,进行模拟黄额闭壳龟巢卵被捕食状况的研究。在人工林、次生林和原生林内共设置人工巢120个,每巢埋卵2枚,同时在巢周围架设自动红外照相机,监测巢捕食者。结果表明:66.7%的人工巢被破坏,小型兽类和蚂蚁为主要捕食者,被小型兽类捕食的巢占51.3%,被蚂蚁捕食的巢占28.8%。次生林和原生林的人工巢被捕食率均为62.5%,人工林中的被捕食率为72.5%,人工林的捕食率高于次生林和原生林但差异不显著(P>0.05,n=40)。同一林型的林缘和林中之间,人工林和原生林中差异不显著,在次生林中巢捕食率明显高于林缘(P<0.05,n=20)。

关键词: 籽棉产量, 水氮调控, 土壤硝态氮, 干物质积累, 水氮利用效率

Abstract: Nest predation in ovipara is a primary cause of reproductive failure. To investigate the type of nest predators, predation rates and the effect on breeding success of IndoChinese box turtle (Cuora galbinifrons) in different habitats, we buried eggs of redeared turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) to simulate IndoChinese box turtle nests at Diaoluoshan village, Diaoluo Nature Reserve  in Hainan Island from March to May 2013. One hundred and twenty artificial nests (two eggs per nest) were evenly placed in plantation forest, secondary forest and primary forest, and triggered cameras were placed around a sample of nests to identify predators. The result indicated that 66.7% nests were depredated, and small mammals (51.3%) and ants (28.8%) were the main predators.  Predation rates in these forests were 72.5%, 62.5% and 62.5% respectively, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05, n=40). In secondary forest, the nest predation rate was higher in forest centers than in forest edges (P<0.05, n=20). No obvious differences were found in nest predation rate between forest centers and edges in plantation forest and primary forest.

Key words: seed-cotton yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, water and nitrogen arrangement, dry matter accumulation, soil nitrate