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景观变化对海南坡鹿栖息地分布的影响

颜文博1,曾治高2**,宋延龄2   

  1. (1陕西理工学院生物科学与工程学院, 陕西汉中 723001; 2中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-10 发布日期:2014-06-10

Effects of landscape changes on habitat distribution of Hainan Eld’s deer.

YAN Wen-bo1, ZENG Zhi-gao2**, SONG Yan-ling2   

  1. (1School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China; 2Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Online:2014-06-10 Published:2014-06-10

摘要:

利用20世纪50和80年代海南坡鹿(Cervus eldi hainanus)的分布数据,构建栖息地分布模型和栖息地变化模型,分析了主要景观及其分布变化对上述2个时期坡鹿适宜栖息地的影响,并对景观因素变化对栖息地分布变化产生的影响进行了评价。结果表明:50年代海南坡鹿的适宜栖息地分布与林地面积比率、斑块丰富度显著正相关,而与林地边缘密度呈显著负相关;80年代其适宜栖息地分布则与斑块丰富度呈显著负相关,与林地边缘密度呈显著正相关;道路密度也影响本时期坡鹿适宜栖息地的分布。草地转化为林地的比率、道路密度变化率、草地转化为农田的比率、林地和草地转换为居民地的比率均对海南坡鹿的栖息地分布变化具有重要影响。研究表明,坡鹿栖息地的分布受到景观变化的重要影响,而人类活动干扰则是适宜栖息地丧失的重要因素。
 

关键词: 光合特征, 河套灌区, 滴灌, 覆膜, 玉米

Abstract: In this study, we focused on the influence of landscape change from 1950s to 1980s on the changes of suitable habitat and distribution of the Hainan Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi hainanus). Based on distribution data of the deer in 1950s and 1980s, we built two models of habitat distribution and a model of habitat distribution change. We further analyzed the main landscape factors influencing the suitable habitat distribution in the two periods, and evaluated the main landscape factors influencing the habitat distribution change from 1950s to 1980s. The results showed that the suitable habitat distribution of the deer had significant positive correlations with the forest cover and patch richness, but a significant negative correlation with the forest edge density in 1950s. However, in 1980s the suitable habitat distribution of the deer was negatively affected by the patch richness, but positively affected by the forest edge density. Road density also affected the suitable habitat distribution in the 1980s. The suitable habitat change was greatly affected by land use conversion from grassland to forest land and agricultural land, and from grassland and forest land to residential land. Moreover, the change of road density also made a contribution to the suitable habitat distribution. Our results confirmed that human disturbance greatly affected landscape change and resulted in the loss of deer habitat.

Key words: drip irrigation, photosynthetic characteristics, Hetao Irrigation District, mulching, maize