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留茬和秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀量的影响

丛培飞1,2,尹光华1**,谷健1,2,李文惠1,2,黄鹏飞1,2   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

Effects of stubble and mulching on soil wind erosion.

CONG Pei-fei1,2, YIN Guang-hua1**, GU Jian1,2, LI Wen-hui1,2, HUANG Peng-fei1,2   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要:

为探讨留茬和秸秆覆盖降低农田土壤风蚀的作用,采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计,在辽西风沙半干旱区开展了田间试验。结果表明:常规耕作的风蚀量高达15.74 t·hm-2,留茬高度和秸秆覆盖量对风蚀量有显著影响,且秸秆覆盖量对风蚀量的降低作用大于留茬高度。留茬高度和秸秆覆盖量的交互作用也显著影响风蚀量的变化。当留茬高于18.0 cm、秸秆覆盖量>2500.0 kg·hm-2时,土壤风蚀量降幅达54%以上。利用建立的风蚀量与留茬高度和秸秆覆盖量的回归模型优化得出,当留茬高度为33.9 cm、秸秆覆盖量为4255.7 kg·hm-2时,农田土壤风蚀量最小,仅为0.42 t·hm-2

 

关键词: 海洋生物, 福岛核事故, 北太平洋公海, 监测, 放射性核素

Abstract: To explore the effect of the different stubble height and mulching biomass on soil wind erosion, a field experiment by using the quadratic general rotary unitized design was conducted in a windy desert area of western Liaoning Province. Results showed that the wind erosion of the routine farming practices was 15.74 t·hm-2. The stubble height and the straw mulching quantity significantly affected soil wind erosion, and the effect of straw mulching quantity was greater than that of the stubble height. The stubble height and mulching interactively affected soil wind erosion. When the stubble height was higher than 18.0 cm and the straw mulching quantity was more than 2500.0 kg·hm-2, the intensity of soil wind erosion reduced significantly (up to 54%). The established regression model of stubble height and straw mulching quantity showed that, when the stubble height and the straw mulching quantity were 33.9 cm and 4255.7 kg·hm-2, respectively, the intensity of soil wind erosion in cropland was the lowest, with only 0.42 t·hm-2.

Key words: marine organism, high seas in North Pacific Ocean, radioactive nuclide, monitoring, Fukushima nuclear accident