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不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响

宋蒙亚1,李忠佩1,2**,刘明1,刘满强3,江春玉1   

  1. 1中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095)
  • 出版日期:2014-09-10 发布日期:2014-09-10

Effects of mixture of forest litter on nutrient contents and functional diversity of microbial community in soil.

SONG Meng-ya1, LI Zhong-pei1,2**, LIU Ming1, LIU Man-qiang3, JIANG Chun-yu1   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
  • Online:2014-09-10 Published:2014-09-10

摘要:

凋落物是森林生态系统重要的物质组分,是影响生态系统功能的关键因子。研究凋落物对土壤性状的影响,可为正确理解生态系统功能特性进而制订科学合理的管理措施提供理论依据。本试验选择3种不同类型的凋落物,即马尾松松针、小叶栎叶以及白茅草立枯茎叶,收集以上3种类型的凋落物并设置室内培养实验。3种凋落物按照不同的比例配比,设置10种处理,按土重1%的量添加到土壤中。经过180 d培养后取出土样,测定土壤的理化性质和生物学性质。结果表明:添加凋落物后土壤pH值明显提高,添加混合凋落物对土壤pH的影响普遍高于添加单一凋落物;添加凋落物对土壤养分的改善效果明显,其中土壤有机质与全氮明显增加,碱解氮变化不大,速效钾有明显提高;3种凋落物混合处理的CO2累计释放量和C矿化率均最大,其CO2累计释放量比相应单一物料处理的加权平均值高30.48%(P<0.01),C矿化率高29.69%(P<0.01);微生物群落的碳源利用指纹分析表明,马尾松松针和白茅草立枯茎叶(质量比1∶1)混合处理的平均吸光值最高,碳源利用格局与其他组合处理相比分布区域具有明显差异,反映出添加不同的凋落物后使土壤微生物群落结构发生了改变。研究不同类型凋落物组合对土壤性状的影响机制,可为森林土壤质量保育、全球气候变化以及植物合理搭配种植等方面提供指导。
 

关键词: 气孔导度, 树轮宽度, 水分利用效率, 树轮稳定碳同位素值

Abstract: Litter is one of the most critical components in forest ecosystem, and plays a key role in ecosystem functioning. Investigating the influences of litter on soil will not only help understand the forest ecosystem functional traits, but also facilitate to provide theoretical basis for scientific management measurements. In this study, three types of litter including Pinus massoniana needles, Quercus chenii leaves and Imperata cylindrica stalks and leaves were used in a laboratory microcosm experiment. Ten treatments were designed, through incorporation of different proportions of the three kinds of litter at an overall loading level of 1% (relative to soil weight). After 180 days of incubation, soil physicochemical and biological properties were measured. Results showed that soil pH values were significantly increased after litter addition regardless of litter treatments. Moreover, soil pH in the mixed litter treatments was consistently higher than that in the single litter treatments. Cumulative CO2 emissions and C mineralization rate of the threespecies mixed (1∶1∶1) treatment increased by 30.48% (P<0.01) and 29.69% (P<0.01) compared to the weighted average of the three single litter treatments, respectively. BIOLOG analysis showed that the average well color development (AWCD) of the P. massoniana needles + Q. chenii leaves (1∶1) treatment was the highest among all treatments. The significant alteration and carbon utilization potential pattern implicated the modifications of microbial community structure due to the amendment of different litter. The responses of soil process to different types of litter combination may be vital to the maintenance of forest soil quality, mitigation of global change, and appropriate mixture and matching of plant species.

Key words: tree-ring stable carbon isotope, tree-ring width, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance