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广西近岸海域浮游植物群落的生态特征

徐姗楠,林华剑,戴明,肖雅元,陈作志**   

  1. (中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州 510300)
  • 出版日期:2014-10-10 发布日期:2014-10-10

Ecological characteristics of phytoplankton community in Guangxi coastal area.

XU Shan-nan, LIN Hua-jian, DAI Ming, XIAO Ya-yuan, CHEN Zuo-zhi**   

  1. (Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China)
  • Online:2014-10-10 Published:2014-10-10

摘要: 根据2009年9月(丰水期)和2010年1月(枯水期)广西近岸海域的调查资料,分析了该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、丰度及其分布和多样性等群落生态特征。结果表明:调查海域共鉴定浮游植物4门40属134种,其中硅藻是主要优势类群,占总种数的87.3%;丰水期和枯水期共有种类达84种,种类相似性指数为81.4%,无明显的季节性差异;丰水期优势种较多,其中最主要的优势种为旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudonitzschia delicatissima);枯水期优势种组成相对简单,以球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)占绝对优势,优势度指数为96.1%;浮游植物的丰度呈显著的区域和季节差异;丰水期表现为近岸海域自东向西递减,沿岸普遍高于离岸海域的特征;浮游植物群落的Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为2.79和0.58,多样性水平较高;多样性指数和均匀度指数季节变化不明显,但具有显著的空间分布规律,呈中部高而两侧低的单峰态;相关性分析表明,浮游植物丰度与环境因子存在一定的相关性;丰水期,浮游植物丰度与水温呈负相关(P<0.05);枯水期,浮游植物丰度与无机氮呈显著正相关(P<0.01),而与生化需氧量(P<0.01)、盐度(P<0.05)呈负相关。

关键词: 滨海湿地, NDVI, 距离分析, 优先管理区域, Pb稳定同位素

Abstract:

Based on the data collected from the ecological investigation on Guangxi coastal waters in both wet season (September 2009) and dry season (January 2010), the species composition, dominant species, abundance and community diversity of phytoplankton were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 134 species from 40 genera belonging to 4 phyla were identified in the surveyed area. Of all the phyla, diatom was the predominant group, which accounted for 87.3% of the total species. There were 84 common species in both wet and dry seasons and the species similarity index between the two seasons was 81.4%, suggesting no significant seasonal variations in the species composition. During the wet season, there were many dominant species, and the major ones were Chaetoceros curvisetus and Pseudonitzschia delicatissima. The dominant species was relatively simple during the dry season, and Phaeocystis globosa accounted for the absolute majority with a dominance index of 96.1%. The abundance of phytoplankton cells showed significant spatial and seasonal differences. During the wet season, the phytoplankton density decreased from the eastern to western coastal waters, and the density in coastal area was generally higher than that of the offshore waters. In general, the average Shannon diversity index (H′) was 2.79, and the average evenness index (J) was 0.58, suggesting a high diversity of the phytoplankton community. Both H′ and J of phytoplankton showed no clear seasonal variation, whereas the spatial pattern showed an obvious single peak that was higher in central area but lower in the eastern and western areas. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the density of phytoplankton community had definite correlations with environment factors. During the wet season, phytoplankton density displayed a significant negative correlation with water temperature (P<0.05); during the dry season, it showed a significant positive correlation with the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (P<0.01), and significant negative correlations with biochemical oxygen demand (P<0.01) and salinity (P<0.05).
 

Key words: distance analysis, priority areas, Pb isotope, coastal wetlands, NDVI