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不同尿素配施处理下土壤氨挥发特性

董怡华1**,张玉革1,孙树林2,金丹1,王英刚1   

  1. (1沈阳大学环境学院, 沈阳 110044; 2河北省唐山市曹妃甸区环境保护局, 河北唐山 063299)
  • 出版日期:2014-11-10 发布日期:2014-11-10

Soil ammonia volatilization under different urea combined fertilization treatments.

DONG Yi-hua1**, ZHANG Yu-ge1, SUN Shu-lin2, JIN Dan1, WANG Ying-gang1   

  1. (1College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China; 2Environmental Protection Bureau of Caofeidian District, Tangshan 063299, Hebei, China)
  • Online:2014-11-10 Published:2014-11-10

摘要: 采用室内恒温模拟培养方法,以单施尿素处理为对照,研究了减量尿素配施玉米秸秆、配施脲酶抑制剂NBPT和硝化抑制剂DMPP组合、配施玉米秸秆+抑制剂组合等处理对棕壤氨挥发特性的影响,分析了不同处理土壤的pH、铵态氮、硝态氮含量与氨挥发速率的相关性。结果表明:单施尿素处理氨挥发速率在第3天即达到峰值;减量尿素配施玉米秸秆处理的氨挥发速率峰值出现时间延迟至施肥后第5天;在配施玉米秸秆的土壤中添加抑制剂组合后,氨挥发速率峰值延迟至第11天出现。与单施尿素相比,减量尿素配施玉米秸秆并添加抑制剂组合可显著降低氨挥发速率峰值74.27%,培养18 d可减少氨挥发累积损失量43.96%。不同处理的氨挥发速率与土壤的铵态氮浓度、pH呈正相关,与土壤的硝态氮浓度呈负相关。配施玉米秸秆并添加抑制剂组合的土壤中铵态氮浓度达到高峰后可长时间保持较高水平(>350 mg·kg-1),并可有效减少硝态氮的浓度。

关键词: 旱地, 土壤酸化, 水田, 空间变化, 第二次土壤普查

Abstract: With a simulated brown soil column experiment under constant temperature and humidity, using single application of urea as the control, this paper studied the effects of different treatments, including reduced-amount urea, reduced-amount urea combined with corn stalk, reduced-amount urea combined with NBPT urease inhibitor and DMPP nitrification inhibitor, and reducedamount urea combined with corn stalk and inhibitor, on ammonia volatilization characteristics. The correlation of NH4+-N, NO3--N, pH and the ammonia volatilization rate was analyzed. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization rate was effectively restrained by different reducedamount urea combined application treatments, with a peak appearing 2-8 days later than the single application of urea. Under the treatment of reducedamount urea combined with corn stalk and inhibitor, the ammonia volatilization rate peak value and the accumulation loss during 18 days of incubation decreased by 74.27% and 43.96%, respectively. The ammonia volatilization rate had a positive correlation with NH4+-N concentration and pH value, and had a negative correlation with NO3--N concentration. The treatment of reducedamount urea combined with corn stalk and inhibitor could maintain a high level of NH4+-N (>350 mg·kg-1) for a long time after peak appearing, and could also effectively reduce the NO3--N accumulation in soil.

Key words: paddy soil, upland, the Second National Soil Survey, spatial variation, soil acidification