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近40年来贵州普定典型喀斯特高原景观格局变化

秦罗义1,3,白晓永2,3,王世杰2,3**,周德全1,罗光杰2,张斯屿2,李盼龙1,2,李月2,4   

  1. (1贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳 550001; 2中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550002; 3中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 贵州普定 562100; 4贵州大学林学院, 贵阳 550000)
  • 出版日期:2014-12-10 发布日期:2014-12-10

Landscape pattern evolution of typical karst plateau in Puding, Guizhou during last 40 years.

QIN Luo-yi1,3, BAI Xiao-yong2,3, WANG Shi-jie2,3**, ZHOU De-quan1, LUO Guang-jie2, ZHANG Si-yu2, LI Pan-long1,2, LI Yue2,4   

  1. (1School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China; 3Karst Ecosystem Observation Research Station in Puding, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, Guizhou, China; 4College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China)
  • Online:2014-12-10 Published:2014-12-10

摘要: 为揭示喀斯特地区景观格局演变过程及规律,利用1973年MSS,1990、2002和2009年TM四期遥感影像,以典型喀斯特高原普定县为研究对象,将GIS、RS技术与景观生态学研究方法相结合,分析了普定县近40年来的景观格局演变及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1)研究区主体景观类型为林地、耕地,其次为草地。景观变化主要为林草地和耕地之间的相互转化,1990年前,前者向后者转移,转移比例为43.97%;1990年后,后者向前者转移,转移比例为50.09%。(2)景观指数在类型水平上,1990年前,耕地呈面积增大、空间连片趋势,林地则面积缩小、空间上被分割,而1990年后,耕地与林地呈现出相反趋势;在景观水平上,1990年前,景观破碎度增加,多样性及均匀度减小,景观类型向单一化方向发展;1990—2002年,景观形状复杂化,多样性和均匀度增加;2002年后,景观破碎度减小,离散和分离程度增加,空间分布趋于不稳定。综上表明,在生态环境极其脆弱的西南喀斯特地区,生态恢复工程建设和产业结构调整是该区今后生态修复的主要和有效手段。

 

关键词: 瓜类枯萎病菌, 尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型, SRAP, 遗传多样性

Abstract: Based on 1973 MSS and 1990, 2002, 2009 TM remote sensing images, the evolution process and driving force of landscape pattern in Puding County, a typical karst region during past 40 years were analyzed by using GIS, RS technology and landscape ecology research methods. The results showed that the main structure changes of landscape were the mutual conversion between woodland, grassland and farmland. Before 1990, about 43.97% of the woodland and grassland transferred to the farmland; after 1990, 50.09% of the farmland transferred to the woodland and grassland. At the class level, before 1990, the farmland landscape showed a trend of increase in area and of integration in space, while the woodland decreased in area and fragmented in space; after 1990, an opposite trend was found for the woodland and farmland. At the landscape level, before 1990, fragmentation index increased, and the diversity and evenness decreased, indicating that the landscape became simplified. From 1990 to 2002, the landscape shape became complicated, and the diversity and evenness increased. After 2002, the fragmentation decreased, and the discrete and separation degree increased, leading to unstable spatial distribution. All together, in the region with extremely fragile karst ecological environment in Southwest China, ecological restoration project construction and industrial structure adjustment were the main and effective means for ecological restoration in the future.

Key words: SRAP, Fusarium oxysporum of cucurbitaceae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae, genetic diversity