关键词: 多样性, 温带草原, 刈割, 功能群, 放牧制度, 大型土壤动物

Abstract: Based on the air pollutants monitoring data obtained from 667 meteorological stations of 118 major cities in China in the period from November to December in 2013, the spatial distribution maps of air pollutant concentrations every five days were obtained by selecting optimal spatial interpolation method. Kernel density and trend surface analysis were used to study the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of pollutant concentrations during the period of wide range haze pollution, and the spatial heterogeneities of pollutant concentrations were explored by using global autocorrelation and local autocorrelation analysis methods. The results indicated that the variation trend of air pollutants was large at different time. The concentrations of air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), inhalable particles (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) showed an apparent tendency of the eastern region > the western region and the northern region > the southern region. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were the main contributors to the widespread haze weather. There were significant positive spatial autocorrelations in mean concentrations of all the air pollutants. The hot spots of mean concentrations of NO₂ were concentrated in the central regions of Shandong Province, south regions of Heibei Province and the urban agglomerations of the Pearl River Delta. The hot spots of mean concentrations of PM₁₀ were distributed in the south regions of Hebei Province, Huaihai and GuanzhongTianshui economic zones. The hot spots of mean concentrations of PM_2.5 were concentrated mostly in BeijingTianjinHebei urban agglomerations, the Yangtze River Delta and the coast region of South China, and the hot spots of mean concentrations of SO₂ mainly distributed in the central regions of Hebei Province and the northeastern region of Shandong Province.

Key words: soil macrofauna, grazing system, diversity, temperate grassland, functional group, mowing