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外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用研究进展

魏松坡,贾黎明**   

  1. (北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083)
  • 出版日期:2014-12-10 发布日期:2014-12-10

Research progress of mineral weathering by ectomycorrhizal fungi.

WEI Song-po, JIA Li-ming**   

  1. (Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Online:2014-12-10 Published:2014-12-10

摘要:

外生菌根真菌是生态系统的重要组成部分,其对岩石和矿物的风化作用可对生态系统的物质循环过程产生影响,并在一定程度上提高土壤养分的生物有效性,有利于改善植物营养状况。本文回顾了外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。研究表明,外生菌根真菌可以通过向矿物表面施加物理压力、酸化根际环境以及络合矿物中的金属离子等途径加快包括磷灰石、云母、蛭石等矿物在内的风化进程,促使养分从矿物中析出,并使自身及与其共生的植物受益。但外生菌根真菌对矿物的风化作用受到诸如真菌与矿物的类型、土壤有效养分水平、氮素类型与水平、菌根真菌的生长条件以及根际其他生物的活动等多种因素的影响。目前,通过对矿质元素转移的定量计算、对真菌分泌物的测定分析、对菌丝与矿物颗粒接触面的直接观察分析以及对能量流动的监测等一系列途径,已经对外生菌根真菌矿物风化作用的现象和机理有了一定的认识,但针对这种现象所带来影响的定量计算及其生态意义还有待进一步探究。
 

关键词: 褪黑素, Ca2+, 缓解效应, 盐胁迫, 甜瓜

Abstract: As an important part of ecosystems, ectomycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in many microbiological and biogeochemical processes, influencing cycling of minerals, boosting soil fertility, and improving plant nutrition. Research advances on mineral weathering by ectomycorrhizal fungi in recent years are reviewed and a brief perspective is provided in this paper. Recent research suggests that ectomycorrhizal fungi may accelerate mineral (apatite, biotite and vermiculite) weathering processes through pressurization, soil acidification of the mycorrhizosphere, and complexation of metal cations with organic acids. Ectomycorrhizal fungi may actively release phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and other nutrients from apatite, phlogopite, biotite, vermiculite, and certain rock particles. The mineral weathering of ectomycorrhizal fungi is influenced by a number of factors, such as the presence of different types of minerals and fungi, soil nutrient conditions, various forms of nitrogen in different concentrations, growth conditions (pure or symbiotic growth) of fungi, and the presence of other rhizosphere microbes. The processes and mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal weathering can be understood through weathering budgets, analysis of microbial exudates, observations of the mineralfungal interface, and observations of the distribution of carbon. However, quantification of the effects of ectomycorrhizal weathering and the relative contribution of ectomycorrhizal inorganic nutrient mobilization to nutrient cycling has to be further studied.

Key words: melatonin, salt stress, alleviation effect, Ca2+, melon (Cucumis melo)