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双季稻田改制对土壤剖面构型及性质的影响

曾希柏1,2;孙楠3;高菊生3;李莲芳1,2;王伯仁3;白玲玉1,2   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081; 2农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 北京 100081;3中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2007-07-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-05-20 发布日期:2008-05-20

Influence of double rice cropping system innovation on paddy soil profile form and soil characteristics.

ZENG Xi-bai1,2;SUN Nan3;GAO Ju-sheng3;LI Lian-fang1,2;WANG Bo-ren3;BAI Ling-yu1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, C
    hinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2Ministry
    of Agriculture Key Laboratory of AgroEnvironment and Climate Change, Beijing 100081, China;3Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2007-07-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-05-20 Published:2008-05-20

摘要: 利用田间试验方法,研究了红壤区双季稻田改为稻-稻-紫云英、牧草、水旱轮作和旱作4种种植模式对土壤剖面构型及耕层土壤性质的影响.结果表明: 与试验前相比,旱作种植模式下,耕作层厚度增加了4 cm、犁底层厚度减少了2 cm、湿筛>2 mm粒级团粒含量提高了6.94%、湿筛法平均质量粒径增加了0.37 mm、水稳性结构商是试验前的1.78倍,腐殖酸碳和富里酸碳含量分别提高了0.15和0.49 g·kg-1;水旱轮作种植模式下,土壤水稳性结构商较高(95.86)、养分含量变幅小;稻-稻-紫云英种植模式下,除有机质含量(增加1.3 g·kg-1)和土壤水稳性结构商(降低8.82)变化较大外,其余指标变化不大;牧草种植模式下,耕作层厚度增加2 cm、过渡层厚度增加9 cm、土壤水稳性结构商增加1.39,而土壤有机质和全钾含量分别下降5.6和2.8 g·kg-1,在所有处理中变化幅度最大.表明在当前红壤地区对灌溉条件较差的双季稻田进行改制是可行的,建议优先考虑改成旱作或水旱轮作,但无论在何种耕作方式下,均应注意土壤钾素的亏损问题.

关键词: 生物多样性, 根瘤, 耐除草剂转基因大豆, 病害, 杂草, 节肢动物

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted on the double rice cropping paddy field in red soil area to evaluate the influence of cropping system innovation on soil profile form and related soil characteristics. Four cropping systems of rice-rice-Chinese Milkvetch (Astragalus sinicusLinn.), forage, paddy-upland rotation, and upland were substituted for the double rice cropping system. The results indicated that compared with those under double rice cropping system, the thickness of cultivated horizon under upland cropping system increased by 4 cm, that of plow pan declined by 2 cm, >2 mm aggregates in wetsieved particle-size fractions increased by 6.94%, wetsieved meanmass diameter increased by 0.37 mm, contents of humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon increased by 0.15 and 0.49 g·kg-1, respectively, and quotient of aggregates water stability was 0.78 times higher. Under paddy-upland rotation, the quotient of aggregates water stability was higher (95.86), while soil nutrient contents changed a little. Under rice-rice-Chinese Milkvetch system, soil organic matter content increased by 1.3 g·kg-1, quotient of aggregates water stability declined by 8.82, but other parameters had less changes. Under forage system, the thickness of cultivated and transitional horizons increased by 2 cm and 9 cm, respectively, quotient of aggregates water stability increased by 1.39, while the contents of soil organic matter and total potassium decreased by 5.6 and 2.8 g·kg-1, respectively. Among all test cropping systems, forage system had the greatest changes in soil characteristics. It was completely feasible to substitute the local double rice -cropping system for paddy-upland rotation or upland cropping, particularly in the areas where full irrigation was not available. However, attention should be paid to the decrease of soil potassium content when the cropping system innovation was practiced.

Key words: biodiversity, nodule, herbicide-resistant transgenic soybean, disease, weed, arthropod