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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

干热风天气对冬小麦生理的影响

张志红1,2**,成林1,2,李书岭3,彭记永2,方文松1,2   

  1. 1中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室, 郑州 450003; 2河南省气象科学研究所, 郑州 450003; 3郑州市气象局, 郑州 450005)
  • 出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Dry-hot wind effects on physiology of winter wheat.

ZHANG Zhi-hong1,2**, CHENG Lin1,2, LI Shu-ling3, PENG Ji-yong2, FANG Wen-song1,2   

  1. (1CMA/Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 2Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 3Zhengzhou Meteorological Bureau, Zhengzhou 450005, China)
  • Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要:

通过开展干热风气象条件人工模拟,分别在冬小麦灌浆前期和中期进行重度、轻度及无干热风的平行对比试验。结果表明:干热风对冬小麦生理机能的危害为灌浆中期>灌浆前期,重度干热风>轻度干热风;灌浆中期重度干热风灾害后第2天,小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)降低了19.4%~36.6%,蒸腾速率(Tr)降低44.1%~58.0%,气孔导度(Co)降低24.3%~41.7%;其次为灌浆中期轻度干热风,上述各项指标分别减少9.7%~20.2%、28.2%~34.0%和19.9%~31.8%;小麦叶绿素含量(SPAD)和根系伤流量(Gn)也在灌浆中期重度灾害胁迫下降低程度最大,灌浆前期轻度干热风对小麦的胁迫作用不明显;灌浆前期遇干热风天气小麦净光合速率(Pn)和SPAD可在一定程度内修复,其他大部分时段受损的生理机能不可修复。在气孔导度Co>0.1 mmol·m-2·s-1条件下,干热风灾害对Tr的胁迫程度大于Pn
 

关键词: PM2.5和PM10, PROVSV曲线分析, 大气能见度, 相对湿度

Abstract: Weather conditions of dry-hot wind were simulated by artificial control to compare the effects of heavy and light degree of dry-hot wind on winter wheat physiology in field at early and middle grain filling stages. The results showed that the dry-hot wind at middle stage of grain filling had more negative effects than at early stage of grain filling, and the heavygrade dry-hot wind harmed more than the lightgrade one. On the 2nd day after heavy dry-hot wind occurred at middle stage of grain filling, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Co) of flag leaf decreased by 19.4% to 36.6%, 44.1% to 58.0%, and 24.3% to 41.7%, respectively. For light dryhot wind, the above index decreased by 9.7% to 20.2%, 28.2% to 34.0%, and 19.9% to 31.8%, respectively. The decreased percentage of SPAD and root flux activity (Gn) also reached the maximum with the heavygrade dry-hot wind at middle stage of grain filling. There was no obvious stressed effect on winter wheat for lightgrade dry-hot wind at early stage of grain filling. At early stage of grain filling, Pn and SPAD of flag leaf could repair to a certain extent after dryhot wind weather, but the damaged physiological indexes could not be repaired when the dryhot wind occurred at other stages. Under the condition of Co >0.1 mmol·m-2·s-1, the stressed effects on Tr were more than on Pn.

Key words: atmospheric visibility, PM25 and PM10, PROVSV curve analysis, relative humidity (RH)