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五种菊科植物种子萌发对温度的响应及其入侵性

陈文1,王桔红2**,陈丹生2,朱慧2   

  1. (1韩山师范学院地理与旅游管理系, 广东潮州 521041; 2韩山师范学院生物学系, 广东潮州 521041)
  • 出版日期:2015-02-07 发布日期:2015-02-07

Responses of seed germination of five Asteraceae species to temperature and their invasivity.

CHEN Wen1, WANG Ju-hong2**, CHEN Dan-sheng2, ZHU Hui2   

  1. (1Department of Geography and Tourism Management, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China; 2Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China)
  • Online:2015-02-07 Published:2015-02-07

摘要: 以粤东地区4种菊科入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、微甘菊(Mikania micrantha)、南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)、藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)和1种本土植物醴肠(Eclipta prostrata)为材料,研究了种子扩散时的萌发率以及种子经历低温(15 ℃、湿润)和常温(25 ℃和25/15 ℃、湿润)后的萌发响应特点。结果表明:种子扩散时,三叶鬼针草、醴肠、藿香蓟种子萌发率分别为100%、98%和62%~78%,微甘菊为44%~52%,南美蟛蜞菊为2%(25 ℃)和86%(25/15 ℃);5种菊科植物种子在15 ℃培养期间,平均萌发率由高至低依次是三叶鬼针草(82%~91%)、微甘菊(19%~26%)、醴肠(9%~12%)、南美蟛蜞菊(0~1%)、藿香蓟(0);在25 ℃和25/15 ℃下,藿香蓟种子萌发率为35%~49%,醴肠为58%~68%,南美蟛蜞菊为4%(25 ℃)和55%(25/15 ℃)。种子快速萌发、高萌发率,以及宽泛的萌发温度需求是1年生草本入侵种的主要入侵特性。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 土壤净氮矿化, 夏玉米, 树脂芯培养法

Abstract: Seed germinations of five Asteraceae  species including Bidens pilosa, Mikania micrantha, Wedelia trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides and Eclipta prostrata (a native species) from eastern Guangdong were studied following wetstorage at 15 ℃ for 30 days and then incubation at 25 ℃ or 25/15 ℃ for 30 days, to reveal the response of germination to temperature. The result showed that B. pilosa, E. prostrate, A. conyzoides, M. micrantha and W. trilobata seeds germinated to 100%, 98%, 62%-78%, 44%-52%, 2% (at 25 ℃)-86% (at 25/15 ℃) after seed dispersal, respectively. At the first stage (at 15 ℃ under wet condition), the germination percentages of five Composite plants were 82%-91% (B. pilosa), 19%-26% (W. trilobata), 8.7%-12% (E. prostrata), 0-1% (W. trilobata), 0% (A. conyzoides). At the second stage (at 25 ℃ and 25/15 ℃), seeds of A. conyzoides germinated to 35% and 49%, E. prostrate to 58%-68%, W. trilobata to 4% (at 25 ℃) and 55% (at 25/15 ℃). Quick germination, high germination percentages, and broad temperature adaptation of germination may be important characters of these alien invasive plants.

Key words: plastic film mulching, soil net nitrogen mineralization, resin core culture method, summer maize