食块茎水鸟及水位对沙湖沉水植物冬芽分布的影响

生态学杂志

食块茎水鸟及水位对沙湖沉水植物冬芽分布的影响

黎磊^1，2,张笑辰¹,秦海明¹,胡旭仁¹,陈家宽^1,2**

（¹南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所, 南昌 330031; ²生物多样性和生态工程教育部重点实验室，复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200438）

出版日期:2015-03-10 发布日期:2015-03-10

Effects of tuber-feeding waterbird guild and water level fluctuation on tuber distribution of submerged macrophytes in Shahu Lake.

LI Lei^1，2, ZHANG Xiao-chen¹, QIN Hai-ming¹, HU Xu-ren¹, CHEN Jia-kuan^1,2**

(¹Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; ^2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China)

Online:2015-03-10 Published:2015-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分别于2012—2013、2013—2014年度越冬期候鸟越冬前（10月份）与越冬后（4月份）采用样方法调查沙湖沉水植物冬芽的种类、密度及生物量，分析不同水位条件的2个年度鄱阳湖碟形子湖沉水植物冬芽的分布及其对食块茎水鸟食物贡献的差异性，探讨越冬水鸟取食与水位变化对沉水植物冬芽分布的影响。结果表明：刺苦草（Vallisneria spinulosa）和罗氏轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata var. rosburghii）2种沉水植物的冬芽同域分布。2013年10月2种植物冬芽的密度与生物量均显著低于2012年同期，主要原因是鄱阳湖水位年际间变化剧烈，并对水质有显著影响：与2012年相比，2013年丰水期（4—9月）沙湖与主湖区连通的时间和日平均水深显著减小，但水体浊度显著增加，不利于沉水植物生长发育。2012—2013年度越冬水鸟迁出后2种冬芽的密度和生物量均明显下降，而2013—2014年度越冬期水鸟迁出后与迁入前相比两种植物冬芽的密度和生物量均无显著变化，很可能与食块茎水鸟的取食活动和高水位对食物可利用性的负面影响有密切关系。湖泊剧烈的水位变化导致越冬水鸟的食源具有年际波动的特征，而食块茎水鸟对鄱阳湖子湖的食物利用率受越冬季冬芽丰富度和食物可及性（accessibility）的共同影响。研究结果对鄱阳湖乃至长江中下游流域沉水植被恢复、越冬水鸟保护以及生态系统功能评估具有指导意义。

关键词: 苹果, 土壤养分, 果实品质, 偏最小二乘回归

Abstract: The variations in tuber distribution in a dishshaped sublake of Poyang Lake and the consumption by tuberfeeding waterbirds were investigated in two years with different water level conditions. Our aims were to explore impacts of wintering waterbird foraging and water level fluctuation on tuber distribution of submerged macrophytes. Four investigations on species, density and biomass of tubers of submerged plants were conducted in Shahu Lake in October 2012, April 2013, October 2013 and April 2014, respectively, using quadrat method. The results showed that there were two different kinds of tubers occurring in the same distribution area in Shahu Lake, which derived from Vallisneria spinulosa and Hydrilla verticillata var. rosburghii, respectively. Both their density and biomass were significantly lower in October 2013 than in October 2012. This is mainly due to the dramatic interannual changes in water level of Poyang Lake during flood seasons and resultant significant impact on water quality. It was found that both the duration in which Shahu Lake was connected to the main region of Poyang Lake and the average daily water depth during April to September (flood season) in 2013 were significantly lower than in 2012, while the water turbidity during that period in 2013 was much higher. This condition was not advantageous to the growth and development of submerged plants. The density and biomass of the two kinds of tubers declined significantly at the end of wintering period of 2012-2013, while both of them remained unchanged before and after the wintering period of 2013-2014. The foraging activities of tuberfeeding waterbirds and the negative effects of high water level on food
availability could probably account for these differences. In short, the dramatic hydrological fluctuation in Poyang Lake would result in interannual fluctuation in food resources of waterbirds, while the food availability would be influenced by both tuber abundance and its accessibility by tuber feeders during the wintering period. This study is of important guiding significance to submerged macrophytes revegetation, waterbird conservation, as well as ecosystem function estimation for Poyang Lake and even for regions along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: apple, fruit quality, partial least squares regression, soil nutrient

黎磊1，2,张笑辰1,秦海明1,胡旭仁1,陈家宽1,2**. 食块茎水鸟及水位对沙湖沉水植物冬芽分布的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

LI Lei1，2, ZHANG Xiao-chen1, QIN Hai-ming1, HU Xu-ren1, CHEN Jia-kuan1,2**. Effects of tuber-feeding waterbird guild and water level fluctuation on tuber distribution of submerged macrophytes in Shahu Lake.[J]. cje.

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