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黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区花尾榛鸡冬季卧栖地选择

许玲霞1,许林2,王广鑫2,宗诚1*#br#   

  1. (1东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨 150040; 2挠力河国家级自然保护区红兴隆分局, 黑龙江双鸭山市 155811)
  • 出版日期:2016-09-10 发布日期:2016-09-10

Winter bedsite selection by hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) in Liangshui National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province.

XU Ling-xia1, XU Lin2, WANG Guang-xin2, ZONG Cheng1*#br#   

  1. (1College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2Hongxinglong Station of Raoli River National Nature Reserve, Shuangyashan 155811, Heilongjiang, China).
  • Online:2016-09-10 Published:2016-09-10

摘要: 动物对生境的利用与选择是动物适应自然环境的方式之一,而对冬季卧栖地的选择是进行反捕食、储存能量及抵御恶劣气候的一种重要策略。2015年11月至2016年1月期间,在凉水国家级自然保护区调查了花尾榛鸡的卧栖地点34处,确定了20个对花尾榛鸡卧栖选择可能产生影响的生态因子。利用生态因子分布频次法、主成分分析法及Bailey判别分析法对花尾榛鸡冬季卧栖地生境选择进行了统计分析。结果表明:花尾榛鸡喜欢在针阔叶混交林中乔木密度较小、灌木密度较大、地势平缓(<10°)的阳坡卧栖。影响花尾榛鸡卧栖生境选择的主要因子为距道路距离、乔木密度和灌木密度。花尾榛鸡倾向于在距离道路0~10 m的距离内栖息(活动),对于距离道路10~50 m的生境随机选择,主动回避距离道路50 m以上的生境;倾向于在300~400株·hm-2的乔木密度范围内栖息(活动),对>400株·hm-2的生境随机选择;倾向于在>2500株·hm-2的灌木密度范围内栖息,对<2500株·hm-2的生境随机选择。本研究对花尾榛鸡冬季存活和生境管理具有科学指导意义。

关键词: 土壤酶活性, 土壤质量, 冗余分析, 微孔板荧光法

Abstract: Habitat use and selection is one of the mechanisms for wildlife adaptation to natural environment, and winter bed-site selection is an important strategy of increasing antipredation ability, energy storage, and withstanding harsh weather. To determine winter habitat selection strategy of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia), we investigated a total of 34 bed-site locations and randomly selected relative control plots, then identified and measured 20 potential factors influencing bedsite habitat selection in Liangshui National Nature Reserve from November 2015 to January 2016. Methods of factor distribution frequency, principal component analysis, and Bailey’s discriminant analysis were used. The results showed that hazel grouses preferred strongly to mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests with low tree density, high shrub density, and flat sunny slope (slope gradient <10°). The primary factors influencing hazel grouse’s bed-site selection were distance to road, tree density and shrub density. Hazel grouses preferred bed-sites less than 10 m far from the road, randomly selected sites 10 to 50 m far from the road, and avoided sites more than 50 m far from the road. Hazel grouses tended to bed-sites with 300-400 trees·hm-2 and more than 2500 shrubs·hm-2; randomly selected those with more than 400 trees·hm-2 or less than 2500 shrubs·hm-2. This study provided significant information for winter survival and habitat management of hazel grouses.

Key words: microplate fluorimetric assay, redundancy analysis,  , soil quality., soil enzyme activity