三峡水库运行对淹没区及消落带植物多样性的影响

生态学杂志

三峡水库运行对淹没区及消落带植物多样性的影响

张爱英^1,2,熊高明¹,樊大勇¹,谢宗强^1*#br#

（¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室，北京 100093； ^2中国科学院大学，北京 100049）

出版日期:2016-09-10 发布日期:2016-09-10

Effects of damming on plant diversity in the inundated and riparian zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.

ZHANG Ai-ying^1,2, XIONG Gao-ming¹, FAN Da-yong¹, XIE Zong-qiang^1*#br#

(¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; ^2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2016-09-10 Published:2016-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 三峡水库采取“冬蓄夏泄”（冬季水位175 m，夏季145 m）的运行方式，自2007年水库试验性蓄水以来，淹没区（348 km²）原陆域植物及其群落大量消失，形成永久性水域和逐渐适应消落带环境的植物群落。本文分析了三峡水库运行对淹没区及消落带植物多样性的影响，结果表明：（1）蓄水前，三峡水库淹没区共有维管束植物769种（隶属121科400属），优势植物生活型为一年生草本、多年生草本和灌木；蓄水后维管束植物下降到约300种，其中一年生草本所占比例由蓄水前的26.42%上升为45.46%，多年生草本由蓄水前的44.43%下降为32.47%，木本植物（乔木和灌木）由蓄水前的23.71%下降到15.15%，灌木已不再是优势植物生活型；（2）消落带形成初期（2008-2010年），植物种类连续3年呈下降趋势，一些物种如狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)，在连续几次高强度的淹水后竞争优势表现明显；（3）消落带物种多样性随着高程的升高而增加，其中物种丰富度指数呈指数上升趋势，低高程区158 m处为8，中高程区164 m处为10，高高程区170 m处则达到13，而Shannon指数则呈S形增长趋势，其两个拐点分别出现在150和171 m处。由于三峡水库消落带刚形成8年，这种时空变化趋势及其原因还有待于进一步研究。

关键词: 一氧化氮, 紫茎泽兰提取物, 根边缘细胞, 黄瓜, 化感胁迫

Abstract: The Three Gorges Reservoir adopts a hydrological regime of 175 m water level in winter and 145 m water level in summer, and has formed a reservoir inundated zone with an area of 348 km² since 2007. This change leads to the disappearance of original plant species and plant communities, and the formation of permanent waters and the appearance of novel plant communities that gradually adapt to the environment of riparian zone. We analyzed the plant species diversity in the inundated zone and riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) before and after the operation of the reservoir. Results showed that: (1) There were 769 vascular plant species, belonging to 400 genera of 121 families in the inundated area before damming. Perennial herbs, annual herbs and shrubs were co-dominated in this area. After damming, the vascular plant species dropped dramatically to about 300, with shrub losing its dominant role. The percentage of annuals increased from 26.42% to 45.46%, while perennials decreased from 44.43% to 32.47%. Woody plants (trees and shrubs) decreased from 23.71% to 15.15%. (2) In the first three years after the formation of the riparian zone (2008-2010), species decreased persistently. Some species (such as Cynodon dactylon and Xanthium sibiricum) showed advantages in competition after several times of intense submergence. (3) Species diversity increased with elevation in the riparian zone after damming. Species richness index showed an exponential rise, with 8 at 158 m, 10 at 164 m and 13 at 170 m. Shannon index showed an S rise, with two inflection points at 150 m and 171 m. After 8 years of formation of the reservoir riparian zone, the structure and function of plant communities is still changing and far from steady state, and further studies are needed to reveal temporal and spatial trends of plant communities and underlying mechanisms.

Key words: cucumber, root border cell, allelochemical stress., nitric oxide (NO), Eupatorium adenophorum extract

张爱英1,2,熊高明1,樊大勇1,谢宗强1*. 三峡水库运行对淹没区及消落带植物多样性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHANG Ai-ying1,2, XIONG Gao-ming1, FAN Da-yong1, XIE Zong-qiang1*. Effects of damming on plant diversity in the inundated and riparian zones of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.[J]. cje.

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