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万山汞矿区大米汞污染及人体甲基汞暴露风险

王娅1,李平2**,吴永贵1   

  1. (1贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025; 2中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550002)
  • 出版日期:2015-05-10 发布日期:2015-05-10

Mercury pollution in rice and related risk of human methylmercury exposure in Wanshan mercury mining area.

WANG Ya1, LI Ping2**, WU Yong-gui1   

  1. (1College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China)
  • Online:2015-05-10 Published:2015-05-10

摘要:

采集贵州省万山汞矿区2个流域7个地点的168个大米样品,测定其总汞及甲基汞含量,并对当地居民食用大米甲基汞暴露的健康风险进行评估。结果表明:万山汞矿区大米总汞含量变化范围为2.4~401.0 ng·g-1,平均含量为42.4 ng·g-1,51%的样品总汞含量超过我国食品汞限量标准(20 ng·g-1);甲基汞含量变化范围为1.1~45.1 ng·g-1,平均含量为11.7 ng·g-1,甲基汞占总汞的平均比例为44.8%;大米总汞与甲基汞含量呈显著正相关(r=0.44,P<0.01),大米总汞含量与甲基汞占总汞的比例呈负相关(r=-0.59,P<0.01)。位于河流上游离汞矿较近的地点汞污染较严重,随流域往下离汞矿较远地点汞含量相对降低。大米甲基汞暴露的风险评估显示,万山大水溪、梅子溪、白果树等污染地区存在一定的人群甲基汞暴露,而其他地区的人群也存在一定的潜在风险。

 

关键词: 个体大小, 弯齿风毛菊, 权衡, 繁殖特征, 海拔

Abstract:

To evaluate the risk of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure through rice consumption for local residents, 168 rice samples were collected at seven sites of two catchments in Wanshan mercury (Hg) mining area to analyze the total mercury (THg) and MHg concentrations. THg concentrations in rice ranged from 2.4 to 401.0 ng·g-1, with an average of 42.4 ng·g-1, and THg concentrations in 51% of samples exceeded the national food standard for Hg (20 ng·kg-1). MeHg concentrations varied from 1.1 to 45.1 ng·g-1, with an average of 11.7 ng·g-1, and it accounted for 44.8% of THg in rice on average. A significant positive correlation (r=0.44, P<0.01) was observed between THg and MeHg concentrations in rice, while a negative correlation relationship (r=-0.59, P<0.01) was found between rice THg and the percentage of THg as MeHg. Heavy mercury pollutions were found at sites in the upstream region which are close to the mine wastes and THg concentrations in rice samples of the different sites demonstrated a gradient of decrease with increasing the distance from the pollution source in the two catchments. The risk assessment indicated that, local residents in Hg highly polluted areas (such as Dashuixi, Meizixi, and Baiguoshu) had a high risk of MeHg exposure through rice consumption and residents in other areas were also at potential risk of MeHg exposure.

 

Key words: trade-off, Saussurea przewalskii, reproductive characteristics, altitude, individual size