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生态学杂志

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陆地水环境中砷的迁移转化

杨芬1,2,朱晓东1,2,韦朝阳1**   

  1. (1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所“陆地表层格局与模拟”院重点实验室, 北京 100101; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2015-05-10 发布日期:2015-05-10

A overview on the process and mechanism of arsenic transformation and transportation in aquatic environment.

YANG Fen1,2, ZHU Xiao-dong1,2, WEI Chao-yang1**   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2015-05-10 Published:2015-05-10

摘要:

由于自然和人为活动,已有大量的砷进入地表和地下水系之中,在一些地区造成严重的水砷污染问题,威胁生态系统安全和人类健康。砷的毒性与砷的存在形态与价态密切相关,研究其在环境中的迁移转化规律是有效降低砷的生态与健康风险的科学基础。本文以水环境为对象,就砷的性质及毒性,水环境中砷的来源、形态分布及迁移转化研究进展进行综述,重点围绕沉积物水界面砷的迁移转化规律进行展开;对砷在环境中迁移转化的影响因素,包括Eh-pH、水合金属氧化物、有机质、微生物和粘土矿物等进行系统阐述,以期对今后水环境砷污染的预防和治理提供借鉴。
 

关键词: 生物因素, 非生物因素, 非菌根植物, 共生

Abstract:

Arsenic is a ubiquitous and carcinogenic element found in various species in the terrestrial aquatic environment, coming from both of natural geogenic and anthropogenic sources. During the past decades, numerous reports have documented that residents being exposed to excessive levels of arsenic through drinking water and food chain, may result in serious public health concern. Arsenic and its compounds are highly mobile in the ecosystem, being biological available to organisms and producing toxicities, which are, to a large extent, dependent on arsenic speciation and oxidizing state. It is thus imperative to identify and clarify the arsenic behaviors in the environment. This review summarizes the process and mechanism of arsenic transformation and transportation in waters, particularly at the sedimentwater interface. In addition, various factors that affect the retention and release of arsenic, such as Eh-pH, metalloid oxides, organic matter, clay minerals and microbial activities, are also presented with examples.
 

Key words: non biological factor, non-mycorrhizal plant, symbiosis, biological factor